Approach to Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Approach to Care - Essay Example Cancer patients need integrated care through the involvement of a multidisciplinary team due to its complexity. This involves having specialists coming together. Each one of them observes the patient individually; they then compare the results and medical history to be able to come up with the medical plan and the recommendations collectively. It is therefore recommended to choose a care center offering multidisciplinary care to be able to get a comprehensive and convenient care to cancer. The care given should be holistic to be able to attend to the emotional but also social needs of the patient. Individualized, whole-patient care According to Gotay, Lipscomb & Snyder (2006), this mode of treatment should be varied according to age, stage of cancer, preferences, and emotional issues of the patient. It extends to taking care of the social, spiritual and cultural preferences and norms of the patient. Inclusive care Inclusive care entails consulting the patients and including them in t he decision-making process. The patients regardless of class and financial strength need to be given equal treatment. The treatment plan should be based on agreement and recommendations arrived at to ensure that whatever treatment they are given is their choice. Respect According to Gotay, Lipscomb & Snyder (2006), the patients and caregivers need to be treated with care and respect. They should also be allowed to participate actively in decision-making. Patients and caregivers should be encouraged to engage actively in the whole process. Communication Communication is one of the most important aspects in any organization. Cancer being a very sensitive thing, the doctors needs to be bold, upfront, honest and straightforward with the patient, regarding their progress and status. Describe the Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer According to Gotay, Lipscomb & Snyder (2006), the stages in the progression of cancer have been evolving over time, so are the staging systems. This is because the scientists are ever studying and conducting research on the same. Some stages cover all types of cancers, while some are more specific. These are the common factors and signs to look out for at the time of diagnosis: The site of the primary tumor The number of the tumors that the patient has, consideration is also given to the size of the tumor(s) The concerned or infected lymph nodes together with the rate at which the cancer cells are invading into the lymph nodes The cell type, together with the progression and the stage of the tumor. This is how closely the cancer cell is of resemblance with the normal cells What is the TNM system? According to Gotay, Lipscomb & Snyder (2006), the TNM system focuses on the extent of the tumor (T), the progress of the spread to the lymph nodes (N), and the availability of distant metastasis (M). Each letter is added a number as an indication of the size and the extent of the primary tumor as well as the degree to which the cancerous cells have s pread. For example, T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 show the size or the extent of the tumor. TX demonstrates the impossibility of evaluating or showing the primary tumor while Tis shows that the adjacent tissues have not been invaded by the abnormal cells; although yet cancer. The lymph nodes, N0, N1, N2, and N3 show that the regional lymph nodes are involved, (the precise number of lymph nodes and/or degree of spread, and NX shows that regional lymph no

Richard Arkwright Point of View Essay Essay Example for Free

Richard Arkwright Point of View Essay Essay I, Richard Arkwright, believe that child labor is not only an acceptable practice to allow, but also a necessary one. In many cities there are not enough local people to supply a factory owner, such as myself, with the workers needed to meet demand, and therefore the employment of child labor is needed. I myself come from a poor family that could not afford to send me to school. Instead, I was taught my reading and writing by my dear cousin Ellen. Despite my lack of schooling, I went from being a barber’s apprentice worth  £5 to being a factory owner worth  £500,000! Having to work instead of going to school does not condemn one to poverty for life! I would never employ a worker over the age of forty. My machines need to be managed by young workers who do not have a family or other obligations besides working at my factories. Therefore, without hiring children, there is a limited number of laborers to chose from. Here in Cromford, there are barely enough locals to supply me with the labor I need, so child labor is necessary. Child labor supplies families with another paycheck that they rely on, which is money that would not be coming in if that child was not allowed to work. In hard times like these, everyone in the family must help to support each other. If not, I believe that poverty in this country would increase greatly. I pay my workers up to five-pence and no more. I must keep this admittedly low wage because with all of my workers, even this adds up! If I want to make a profit, I have to keep this wage as it is, especially with the Water-Frame becoming more and more popular every day. The larger the demand on my product, the more labor I need to meet that demand. Two thirds of my 1,900 workers are children, and without them, my business would surely fail. The children who work in my factories get paid the money that helps to keep their families in their homes, and they give me the labor I need to keep my business going. Child labor is not only acceptable, but a necessary thing to allow.

Determination and Instinct in the Brothers Grimms Cinderella Essay

As children, most of our life lessons are acquired through the simplicity of fairy tales. Subliminal messages taught us to always believe in true love and in the eternal victory of good over evil. This is the case in the Brothers Grimm’s â€Å"Cinderella†, a popular fairy tale embodying a classic folk tale myth-element of unjust oppression followed by triumphant reward, where true love conquers all and eventually sets the world right. Cinderella is a fallen princess who finally meets with tough reality, bearing headstrong grit and perseverance. She proves that by entrusting one’s self and instincts, one can then achieve anything they put their minds to. She demonstrates such boldness when dealing with her step-family, sorting out the good lentils from the bad, and finally when making a sudden and unexpected appearance at the ball. At the very beginning of â€Å"Cinderella†, written by the Brothers Grimm, the narrator clearly states that the central character’s name is only descriptive instead of being a proper name. â€Å"And as on that account she always looked dusty and dirty, they called her Cinderella† (70). This allows us, the readers, to identify with the protagonist. Abandoned by her father and enslaved by her stepmother, Cinderella proves that kindness will get a person farther in life than hatred ever can. Cinderella manages to overcome her obstacles with the help of her animal friends. These creatures of nature surround Cinderella because she is kind and loving, while the only animal that would even approach the evil stepmother and stepdaughters was their angry spoiled cat. Nevertheless, Cinderella still deals with them with nothing but patience and virtue. She is always the better person and never stoops down to their level. ... ...balls, knowing that her step sisters were literally dying to be in her shoes. By keeping to herself and trusting her instincts, Cinderella winds up marrying the Prince and living happily ever after. Cinderella differs from other princesses in any other fairy tale. She can be portrayed as a heroine in the eyes of the young, as well as the old, which is what makes her such a great and unique character. Cinderella overcomes numerous barriers, never accepting defeat and is kind to all, even those who do not reciprocate her goodness. She deals with her evil stepmother and stepsisters in the best behaviour, and in the end, she is able to obtain what she had worked so hard to achieve. For all these reasons little girls as well as grown women alike can relate to Cinderella in their hardships and can draw power and trust in their own selves from her inspirational tale.

How Has King Lear Held Its Appeal for a Modern Audience?

How does Shakespeare’s King Lear hold its appeal to a modern audience? King Lear, a play by William Shakespeare has held its appeal for modern audiences as it explores the universal ideas and timeless themes of Power and Loyalty communicated through characterisation, language techniques and representations that parallel the context of the time in which they are produced. In the opening scene of the ‘love test’ Lear is offering his kingdom to his daughters Goneril, Regan and Cordelia.Much havoc and arguing occurs, leaving Cordelia banished and Goneril and Regan in full control of the kingdom. The concept of power is present as Shakespeare examines the importance of relationships where a hierarchy is in order. After withdrawing himself as king, Lear’s eldest two daughters Goneril and Regan strip him of his supremacy and force him to reduce the number of knights in his service, demonstrating his loss of authority as a King and a man. Shakespeare uses the simil e comparison of Lear to animals to clearly depict his fading worth and power. O, reason not the need! Our basest beggars are in the poorest thing superfluous. Allow not nature more than nature needs, man’s life as cheap as beast’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The underlying theme of power is consistent throughout ‘King Lear’ and is also present in today’s society. Goneril and Regan believe that by possessing Lear’s kingdom they have power over everything, paralleling that of modern day society – materialism is power. The theme of loyalty is apparent in the ‘Storm scene’. Lear is demonstrated as a flawed individual whose arrogance has caused him to make mistakes.This scene acts as a catalyst, a turning point, as Shakespeare symbolises a ‘cleansing period’ for Lear. His diminishing sanity is represented through the personification of the storm â€Å"rumble thy bellyful; spit, fire, spout, rain! † Despite the harsh storm , Lear’s Fool stands with him in his period of despair and rage demonstrating his loyalty towards his king. This scene is the first time in which Lear reveals his true emotions, ones which Elizabethan and contemporary audiences can relate to.Shakespeare has presented the consequences of disloyalty, and the betrayal of fathers and siblings is an underlying theme. However, the loyalty of Cordelia to her father is maintained, if not strengthened throughout the entire play. â€Å"O my dear father, restoration hang thy medicine on my lips, and let this kiss repair those violent harms that my two sisters have in they reverence made. † The love that Cordelia holds for her father is symbolised through the gentle nature of her tone and language.The ‘reconciliation’ scene of Cordelia and Lear expresses the devotion felt by both father and daughter, as well as the connection they share when united emphasises the faith and unconditional love between them, despite prev ious disagreements. This element of the play is relevant to all audiences. Lear undergoes rapid character development and by the end of the play is able to recognise the more important, intangible aspects of life; a loving daughter and loyal friends.This is comparable to the lives of modern audiences as the important things in life are often taken for granted. Shakespeare’s King Lear offers timeless and universal themes of Power and Loyalty that are portrayed through differing literary and dramatic techniques. The character development of Lear also allows for the audience to connect and better understand the play as the transformation of a man unfolds, whose life is not dissimilar to one in contemporary society. These aspects of the play have allowed for King Lear to hold its appeal for audiences of the present and future.

History of Globalization

Globalization history Name: Institution: Scientist may approximate when the world was formed but people do not know how true this is. However, one thing is very clear; the way of our lives have changed from the most primitive to very a very advanced. Presently in the world there are sectors that are more developed more than others owing to some reasons. Globalization is responsible for all these developments that have occurred at different paces (Appadurai, 2003). Globalization is the difference of time and the evolution of world.Hence its’ a term used to explain how the world is today, and changes that have occurred right from the ancient days to the present day. In a superficial description, globalization is a phenomenon that has produced fundamental changes within societies. It covers a range of social, economic and political changes. Thus, global history focuses on the human history and historic developments from many past decades, though to some people it is a product of modern forces of change which cannot be projected all the way back to the old decades.Globalization is no more set in stone than global history and concept; it is accompanied by other concepts like information society, post industrial age, post modern age, and so on. Globalization is not a member of an archive in history, but it remains more of an explanatory, overarching concept for a series of actual processes of transformation. Globalization is a process that, for a long time, has been evolving. Different ideas and new developments are discovered as time pass (Teichmann, 2003). The economy, politics culture and military complexes follow their trends.Though all these depend on where they are situated, the time and social class. Therefore globalization is an open process that transforms the economic, political, social, cultural and military institutions, which may be organizations like the church, state, family, companies and so forth. The major roles of globalization are the expan sion concentration and acceleration of worldwide relations. One of its characteristics is its influence on everything covered by rubric of culture. The cultural globalization is normally driven by the communication technology and worldwide marketing of western cultural industries.This was understood at the first process of normalization, as the global domination of Americans. It was at the expense of the traditional diversity. Then there was a difference and movements that started protesting against globalization and supporting local uniqueness, individuality and identity. The movements used same technologies to pursue their own goal and they would ask for the world’s opinion. Roland Robertson termed this as â€Å"Univesalization† (Global policy forum, 2005). Globalization is traced far back in the emergence of Homo sapiens and the migration out of Africa to the world.Globalization is suggested as the process of migration was the central globalization driver, as it lin ked processes of demographic expansion and increasing density of human habitation. Through this, the population increased and the intermingling of different people brought some old behaviors to an end. There is a near endless array of things that can be done to deal with global political problems, but space constraints have always limited us to issues of accountability and transparency. And people adapted to new adaptations, which are not constant and they vary with time.Through globalization the results of cultural change can be interpreted as hybridity. This means that new cultural elements being creatively adapted to mesh with existing ones and the people gradually adopt to the swiftly changing behavior. Most authors have described globalization as a fundamental change of categories of time and space, extensive use of electronic mail and the reduction in telephone fees has created and shared immediacy and a virtual togetherness, produces fundamentals for worldwide social relation s. This has increased speed of communication.In the economic globalization, there has been advancement in modes of transportation and technology, which have given free market ideology which has brought about fair trades and services. Supply and demand have become very effective due to the liberation of market sources from governmental regulations. Most countries have taken the advantage of globalization. There is also the advantageous use of the international financial institutions and regional trade agreements for assisting poor countries to reduce tariffs, to privatize state enterprises, and relax environmental and labor standards.The results increase in profits for investors but offered pittances to laborers (Ritzer, 2010). There has been improvement in the world of agriculture as compared to historic days for instance the people of Mesopotamia used to use the ‘shadoff’ method of irrigation, through globalization better methods have been researched and developed like the use of water sprinklers, drip irrigation method just to mention. More so there has been the development of high breed seed that assist the farmers get high yields of harvest.There are machinery powers that are used like the use tractors in ploughing the land and use combined harvesters to harvest wheat. This has drastically slowed down some cruel businesses like the slave trade and also slavery. In the traditional era, politics was conducted by the national governments, who were responsible for maintaining security and economic welfare of its citizens, land issues and also the human rights. Through globalization changes have occurred and this has forced the political activity to change also.Politics has taken place through political integration schemes like united nations (U. N), European Union NGOs ,World bank and international monetary fund, just to mention, more so civil societies organizations act all over the world by forming alliances with organizations in other countries instead of working through their governments. There will always be differences of the globalization ideas, being a series of academic literatures, across political, economy and social science that are more specifically concerned with post second international economic development and politics.Globalization theories see the process as driven by multiple transformations in human life, and it’s very difficult to unpick the factor which tends to be a key driver. Though that does not mean we at times are militant opponents of globalization. Globalization is reflexive to people; people self consciously orient themselves to the world. For example, in businesses people explore global markets. People meet in trade fairs. There are inter marriages, inter social mingling, people change ideas and also communication sighs.Globalization contributes to human trafficking, most people through migrations, as people form 3rd world countries want to migrate to well develop countries in such of employment. Then if they fail to get the job they involve themselves with immorality. Also globalization encourages conflicts among different communities, as some communities wants to pose greater than others. This superiority and minority complexes leads to misunderstandings amongst people which lead to tribal wars and so on.On the merit side of globalization, it has brought people through intermingling and there is advancement of communication and information technologies in that References Appadurai, A. (2003). Globalization. Durham [u. a. : Duke Univ. Press. Global policy forum. (2005). Globalization of the Economy. Retrieved March 29, 2013 from http://www. globalpolicy. org/globalization/globalization-of-the-economy-2-1. html Ritzer, G. (2010). Globalization: A basic text. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Teichmann, I. (2003). Globalization. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media.

Use Of imagery And Sensory Impression In The Rime Of Ancient Mariner

Use Of imagery And Sensory Impression In The Rime Of Ancient Mariner Use of imagery as a stylistic device has well been elucidated in the Rime of ancient mariner by Coleridge. Coleridge has employed different imagery techniques to bring life to his work (Dean 47). He has employed use of metaphors in several instances (Coleridge 2). Similes, alliteration, assonance and consonance have also been given a place in his work. Coleridge has strived to utilize both descriptive and figurative language to invoke sensory imagination in the minds of the readers as well as breathe some air into his work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Use Of imagery And Sensory Impression In ‘The Rime Of Ancient Mariner’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above imagery techniques have been explored in every section and throughout the poem to energize the work and move beyond just a mere study of language. In part I, the first paragraph, the metaphor â€Å"By thy long grey beard and glittering eyeà ¢â‚¬  has been used by Coleridge† to create a visualization in the minds of the readers on the nature of the character’s eye and hair (Coleridge 1). Coleridge also tries to make the reader visualize the body of the character how he/she looks like and seek to form questions in their mind concerning the health of the person when he says â€Å"he holds â€Å"He holds him with his skinny hand† (3). Coleridge strives to bring in another new imagery device known as similes when he says â€Å"And listens like a three years child† (Coleridge 5). This explains the degree of attentiveness of the character. It also tries to breathe some life in the play. Moreover, the writer blows in new air in his work when he repeatedly use sound T in the following sentence â€Å"The Weddings of these devices are â€Å"And the good south wind still blew behind, the silence of the sea† (11). In addition, similes have also been applied in this part of the play â€Å"As id le as a painted ship†. Coleridge uses this device to bring out meaning of what he intends to communicate to the audience. It further makes the audience happy and proceeds to hear what the writer is communicating. Metaphor also comes up in this part, although it is not applied severally as the other two â€Å"Yea, slimy things did crawl with legs† (12). Coleridge further portrays more use of imagery in part III, he capitalizes on use of personification to enhance his language, bring taste to his work and fully describe the characters, scene and the setting as well as creating imagination in minds of the audience. This figure is well explicated than other stylistic devices in this part. However the writer uses similes, metaphor, consonance and assonance in this part to create more meaning to his work and activate audience to keep going and get more from the play. Example of this are simile, â€Å"And the balls like pulses bea†. Consonance repetition of sound B â₠¬Å"Her beams bemocked the sultry main† is also evident. Assonance repetition of sound O â€Å" sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths† can be picked out. The author continues to navigate further on various imagery devices in part IV. In this part, he gives more attention on metaphors than other devices to give life to his work. This creates a vivid description of the characters and the scene hence making the audience have a clear visualization of the same. Example of this is â€Å"I fear thee and thy glittering eye† (Coleridge 15).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Use Of imagery And Sensory Impression In ‘The Rime Of Ancient Mariner’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Coleridge radiates more figurative language in part V of the play. He gives more emphasis on the use of similes and metaphors than other stylistic devices to describe the appearance of the character hence making the audience have a vivid picture of the character and the scene example of the similes. In this part is â€Å"They raised their limbs like lifeless tools† metaphors have also been used. More of these stylistic devices continue to be explored in part VI. The author uses similes, metaphor and consonance respectively to create a vivid description of the characters, â€Å"Still as a slave before his lord, His great bright eye most silently, sweetly, sweetly blew the breeze†. Coleridge has extensively used the five human senses to strike a balance of what he strives to communicate to his audience. He has mostly employed use of sight and hearing than touch, taste and smell to effectively enlighten the audience. In the Part 1 of the play he uses sight expansively to vividly describe the character, setting and the scene. He also uses the same to draw audience into his work as well as enable them to create extensive description and imagination of the plays and try to fictionalize the same. Example of the places where the sense has been applied is â€Å"By thy long grey beard and glittering eye, The Bridegrooms doors are opened wide, with sloping masts and dipping prow, Glimmered the white Moon of this is in part I, stanza eight of the play â€Å"The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast† part II, stanza seven â€Å"The silence of the sea† part III â€Å"With far of this part I, stanza 10 â€Å"And it grew wondrous cold†. The writer doesn’t make good use of taste and smell senses in his work as compared to the others. However, he endeavors to us an element of this to create feeling and imagination in the minds of the audience as well as successfully tailor his message. Example of this is in part V where he uses taste when he says â€Å"Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths† (Bloom 220).Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coleridge seemed to adopt more application of visual sense in his work as compared to the other four. He has employed this style in every stanza of the play. Coleridge may have opted for the style as it seem to be the most effective in creating colorful description of the characters, scene and the setting. He also uses this to give a chance to the readers to picture the scene in detail. Bloom, Harold. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, New York: Infobase Publishing, 2010. Print. Coleridge, Samuel. The Rime of Ancient Mariner in Seven Parts, Middlesex: The Echo Library Publishers, 2007. Print. Dean, Nancy. Voice Lessons: Classroom Activities to teach Diction, Imagery, Syntax  and Tone, New York: Maupin House Publishing, 2000. Print.

Gender discrimination in Sri Lanka Essays

Gender discrimination in Sri Lanka Essays Gender discrimination in Sri Lanka Essay Gender discrimination in Sri Lanka Essay Womans favoritism in Sri Lanka Women favoritism is bad because it harms a adult female both physically and mentally while impacting the society negatively. By and large the word favoritism means doing determination based on some typical factors. Discrimination is the handling people otherwise based on forbidden favoritism factors such as race, age, sex, coloring material, disablement or national beginning. We hear many intelligence on the favoritism against adult females in Sri Lanka. Womans are the human existences who are largely discriminated. Who is a adult female? Why and how is she discriminated? How the adult females in Sri Lanka are discriminated? What are the stairss that can be taken to avoid adult females favoritism Sri Lanka? : The adult female is considered as the life blood of the universe. It is said that the universe exists because of the beams of the Sun and the milk of the female parent. it is the adult female who gives the birth to the hereafter. If there is no female parent at that place can neer be a hereafter. Although the adult females is the life of the universe, it is limited merely to the words. Is she truly treated as the most cherished life being on the universe? The gradualness, tenderness, and the subtleness of the adult female are the important characteristics of her spirit. But those tender feelings and elusive qualities of her can take her towards the favoritism. The wifehood and maternity has become the most important callings of the adult female. Naturally adult females are weaker than work forces. They are unable to execute work utilizing muscular or rational development. Harmonizing to biological factors, it is true that a adult female is incapable of making what work forces are cap able of. But what is about the denudation of the hurting while giving the birth to an baby? If the baby is a male child, he will go a adult male one twenty-four hours, he will be stronger than adult females, but can we bury that he came through the vagina of a adult female. It is said that the hurting she gets in a bringing is the most intolerable hurting in the universe. The adult female who cries due to a hurting she gets from a needle tip can bare the most painful experience that a human being can of all time confront. So, can we see her as a weaker one? Mahathma Gandhi, the male parent of non-violence, declared that â€Å"to name adult females the weaker sex is a libel ; it is a man’s unfairness to woman.† [ To the Women of India ( Young Indian, Oct,4,1930 ) ] In most pre industrial societies for illustration domestic jobs were relegated to adult females go forthing heavier plants such as hunting and ploughing to work forces. This ignored the fact that caring for kids and making such undertakings as milking cattles and rinsing apparels besides require heavy sustained labor. ( Rydan81-82 ) In the modern society a considerable figure of households are mother headed households. The adult females are responsibility bounded to make household a activities and they have become keepers. Fathers are considered as the natural defenders of the household. Then what about the adult females headed households in Sri Lanka? The war in Sri Lanka has resulted in a rise in the figure of female headed households in Northern and Eastern states in Sri Lanka. The adult females who are treated as the weaker, have to upbring her household. Womans are discriminated both physically and mentally. She can be physically discriminated because of her failing that is given by the nature. Prof.Savitry Goonesekere in her article in Sunday Observer on† Gender Violence Against women† references that, ’ a adult male beats a adult female about to decease because as reported late, she refused her husband’s repeated petitions to donate a kidney for Rs.500 000. This shows us that the adult females are discriminated physically by their ain hubbies excessively. The hubby is the 1 who should take attention of her. There is increasing grounds including from a recent study by the NGO† Woman in Need† that seeking alleviation against domestic force. Why do the adult females stay in such a opprobrious and riskful lives? As Charlotte Bronte writes in her novel, †Jane Eyre, † †I am a bird and no net ensnares me ; I am a free homo being with an independent will† , can all the adult females think that they are birds? It is said that a adult female could have on all the cherished jewelries and travel from the South of the state to the North without any problem in the antediluvian. But what can we see in the modern society? No adult female can even go by a coach without holding acrimonious experiences. One of my friends got a awful experience when she was one time travelling by coach. A adult male who seated near her had started to inquire about herself and arrant prophesies. She told me that it was a great problem for her and that she was scared. In add-on to that adult females are at a high hazard of sexual and physical force. Rapes are aggressively increased in our state over the past two decennaries despite the passage of Torahs. It is mentioned that, 1592rape incidents in2008, 1624in 2009,1854in 2010, 1636 until Nove.30,2011have occurred in Sri Lanka. ( Police Judicial Statics ) There is a stating by Bett Davis that â€Å"when a adult male gives his sentiment he’s a adult male. When a adult female gives her sentiment she is a bitch† . This is true as there is no importance given for the voice of the adult female. Can’t we take an action to avoid adult females favoritism in Sri Lanka? It is said that the adult female is to be protected by the codified Torahs of a state. Tree weaponries of administration the executive, judiciary, legislator are lawfully responsible for the minimizing of adult females favoritism in a state. There are several stairss taken by the Sri Lankan authorities against the adult females favoritism. Rape in Sri Lanka is prohibited by Chapter xvi of the Penal Code. [ CEDAW ( 2010a ) p.24 ] The Prevention of Domestic Violence Act was enacted in 2005. [ The Women and Media Collective ( 2010 ) ] Sexual torment is a condemnable offense transporting a maximal sentence of 5years in prison. [ CEDAW ( 2010a ) pp.23-24 ] Sri Lanka is a signer to the Convention on the Elimination of all signifiers of Discrimination Against Women. [ a landmart UN understanding. But regulations and ordinances are merely limited to the fundamental law. Still Sri Lankan adult female doesn’t acquire adequate figure of seats in the parliament. Womans in Sri Lanka won the right to vote in 1931 17 old ages before the independency. But still they get less figure of opportunities to be elected. Rape instances are reported daily without any decreation.Little misss who are about to blossom are spoiled twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. What will be the destiny of the hereafter maternity if the society treats the adult females in this fatal mode? The adult female should be empowered with self finding. Her backward outlook must be arranged decently. The adult female must come to cognize that she is the 1 who gives the birth to the universe. The society must be more sensitive about the adult female. Why can’t they think that she is besides a societal animate being? The lone manner she differs from the adult male is sex. Those elusive and stamp qualities are given to her by the nature to lull her kid. The adult male is gifted with a strong muscular system to protect her and her kid, non to harm her. However the society must pay a complete attending towards this fatal societal issue, as it plays a large function with our hereafter in this S our Rhode Island Lankan society. We must acquire our custodies together to give a assisting manus to adult females who are discriminated and about to be discriminated. If we all can believe of the every adult female as one of our ain female parents, sisters and girls, the Sri Lanka could be made a better topographic point to populate in. Plants Cited Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia. Unfpa.org/psa/wp-content/upload www.googlereads.com/quotes/ www.childwomeninm.gov.lk/web/ Sunday Observer.lk.Montage ( 30, Dec2012 ) 1

Use of Spanish Subjunctive With Impersonal Es Phrases

Use of Spanish Subjunctive With Impersonal Es Phrases Learning when to use the subjunctive mood in Spanish can be a challenge, so to help you get started, this lesson looks at a particular type of simple sentence, one that starts with Es adjective or noun que. The English equivalent is It is adjective or noun that, and the usage is common in both languages. These sentences provide a good introduction to the subjunctive for Spanish students because the verb mood depends on how the verb is used rather than requiring memorization of particular phrases. The general rule about the use of mood in Spanish requires that Es _____ que would be followed by a verb in the indicative mood if the initial phrase expresses certainty- but in the subjunctive, if it expresses doubt, uncertainty, desire, probability, or an emotional reaction. The phrase can be thought of as a trigger; some phrases trigger one mood, some phrases another. The following list is far from complete, but learning them should help give you a feel for which mood will be triggered by other phrases. In the examples below, the verbs triggered by the it is statement are in boldface. Note that the that in the English translations before the verb is optional, but the Spanish que is mandatory. Es ... Que Phrases Triggering the Subjunctive Examples of the subjunctive being used to express lack of certainty: Es probable que (It is likely that): Es probable que las temperaturas mà ­nimas se acerquen a los 20 grados bajo cero. (It is likely that the low temperatures will approach the minus 20s.)Es posible que (It is possible that): Es posible que un religioso sea deshonesto. (It is possible that a religious person be dishonest.)Es imposible que (Its impossible that): Es imposible que el mundo termine el 2021. (Its impossible that the world will end in 2021.)No es cierto que (It isnt certain that): No es cierto que la medicina inyectable cause cncer. (It is not certain that the injectable medicine causes cancer.)No es seguro que (It is not certain that): No es seguro que el cliente tenga capacidad para devolver el prà ©stamo. (It is not certain that the customer has the ability to pay off the loan.) Examples of the subjunctive being used in giving advice: Es importante que (It is important that): Es importante que comiences una dieta sana. (It is important that you begin a healthy diet.)Es aconsejable que (It is advisable that):  ¿A partir de quà © edad es aconsejable que un nià ±o tenga mà ³vil? (Beginning at what age is it advisable that a child has a cellphone?)Es necesario que (It is necessary that): Es necesario que todo cambie. It is necessary that everything change. (Note that in this instance and the following two, the English translation explicitly uses the subjunctive mood.)Es preciso que (It is necessary that): Es preciso que Amà ©rica Latina reduzca la pobreza. (It is necessary that Latin America reduce poverty.) Examples of the subjunctive being used in expressing personal reactions: Es (una) lstima que (Its a shame that):  ¡Es una lstima que no està ©s conmigo! (Its a shame that you arent with me!)Es bueno que (It is good that): Es bueno que tus clientes te sigan en Twitter. (It is good that your customers are following you on Twitter. Note that the statement following que is factually true; the subjunctive is used here because the sentence is an evaluation of that fact.) Es ... Que Phrases Triggering the Indicative The indicative is used in these examples because of the expression of certainty, even though that certainty may be an opinion rather than factual. Es cierto que (It is certain that): Es cierto que solo dos personas conocen la formula secreta. It is certain that only two people know the secret formula. Es obvio que (It is obvious that): Es obvio que Miley Cyrus es mà ºchisimo mejor que Selena Gà ³mez. It is obvious that Miley Cyrus is much better than Selena Gomez. Es seguro que (It is certain that): Es seguro que el cliente tiene capacidad para devolver el prà ©stamo. It is certain that the customer has the ability to pay off the loan. No es dudoso que (It is not doubtful that): No es dudoso que ests obligado a restituirla. It is not doubtful that you are obligated to pay her back. (In real-life speech, however, it is fairly common to use the subjunctive after no es dudoso, despite what the rules of grammar say, possibly because Es dudoso que is always followed by the subjunctive.) Es verdad que (it is true that):  ¿Es verdad que los elefantes temen a los ratones? Is it true that elephants are afraid of mice? Key Takeaways A Spanish sentence beginning with es ____ que (it is _____ that) can be followed by a verb in either the subjunctive or indicative mood.The indicative verb is triggered by es ____ que phrases that express certainty.Subjunctive verbs are triggered by es ____ que phrases that indicate uncertainty, give advice, or provide an emotional reaction.

Uncle Toms Cabin brief summary and why the novel is so important to Essay

Uncle Toms Cabin brief summary and why the novel is so important to American history - Essay Example He also saved her life when she fell on water causing her father, St. Clare, to buy him from a slave trader (Weinstein 12). Major events in the second are the hunting of Eliza’s family and Tom’s life with St. Clare in New Orleans. While on escape, Eliza met George her husband but could not manage to escape to Canada because Locker, the slave tracker, trapped them. In New Orleans, Eva became ill after Tom had stayed with them for two years. Before she died she saw a vision of heaven which after sharing, it caused the other characters to purpose to change their lives. St. Clare’s cousin Ophelia ended her prejudice against the blacks. The third part is about Tom as Simon Legree’s slave. Legree hates Tom because he refused to whip a fellow slave and decided to beat him viscously and crush his faith in God but Tom persevered. Tom encouraged Cassy, a fellow slave, to escape with Emmeline. He refused to tell Legree where Cassy has gone which caused him to order that Tom be killed. While dying, Tom forgave the overseers who where beating him. This humility caused them to become Christians (Weinstein 26). The final section is about Cassy’s and Emmeline’s ride to freedom where they met George Harris’ sister. On reaching Canada, Cassy discovered that Eliza was her child who was sold when young. Being united again as a family, they travelled to France and finally to Liberia. Mr. Shelby went back to Kentucky and freed all his slaves. According to Grant (267), this novel is of great importance in the American history because it contributed to laying the groundwork for the civil war. The characters were used to personify different views of slavery by allowing those who were not slaves to hold varied views and actions in regard to slaves. For example, St. Clare bought a black slave called Topsy and had him educated by Ophelia his cousin who hated black slaves. The Shelby family related well with their slaves whereas Legree is seen to be inhuman

Powerlessness in Amongst Nurses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Powerlessness in Amongst Nurses - Research Paper Example Managers have a tendency to overlook the internal conflicts that exist amongst the staff. Nurses experience intense conflicts amongst each other, and they require an arbitrative party to resolve the rivalry (Manojlovich, 2007). When the conflicts are highly persistent, the nurses develop a negative attitude towards the workplace. They feel that situations will remain conflicting. Consequently, the nurses do not anticipate changes and harmony within the workplace. The negative attitude amounts to a feeling of powerlessness in the workplace. Powerless staff will relieve their negative feelings amongst each other (Carpenito-Moyet, 2007). This is according to the oppression theory. Evidently, conflict and powerlessness have a direct affiliation in the workplace. Lateral violence is also a key attribution to powerlessness within the unit. This vice amounts to bullying. Most of the minority nurses experience much adversity from majors within the unit. In this case, the majors oppress colle agues with demeaning tasks (Russell, 2012). Consequently, the patient care is significantly deprived due to the impaired relationships that exist within the staff. Powerful groups extremely humiliate and exploit the powerless groups. Nurses invest in lateral violence in the quest for power. Consequently, they render their colleagues powerless within the workplace. ... Nursing proficiency is a source of power within the unit. Expertise has a definite positive impact to the nurses’ self-esteem. With the advancement of expertise, nurses attain a sense of authority (Manojlovich, 2007). Expertise and proficiency are attainable resources within the confines of the unit. Nurses encounter diverse challenges and experiences that enhance nurse expertise. Attainment of knowledge and skills within the unit accredits the nurse with professional influence to other workmates. In this case, the nurse with expertise will mentor and train newly recruited staff. They are in a capacity to provide a mentorship affiliation with the incoming workforce (Porter-O'Grady, 2009). Consequently, the experienced nurses gain power to induce skills to the recruited nurses. Expertise power amounts to healing supremacy. It transforms the lives of the patients significantly towards healing and recovery. Therefore, expertise elevates the power to care for the patients. Ethics and expertise are evident sources of power within the unit. Question 1c Nancy has an obligation to encourage the nurses towards empowerment. She also has an obligation to resolve the unwanted behaviors within the unit. Nancy ought to spell the impacts of negative relationships. This would involve specific and relevant examples within the nursing unit (Carpenito-Moyet, 2007). Therefore, Nancy should illustrate the ramifications of abusive relationships amongst the nurses. For example, Nancy would outline the impacts of the negative relationships to the patients. She would achieve this by showing the high mortality rate and deprived care towards the patients. Through this illustration, the nurses would be encouraged towards healthy

Is wind power green Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Is wind power green - Essay Example Wind power, though helpful in promoting alternative resource could not sustain the growing need of electricity; the claim about how it reduces the amount of carbon dioxide emissions holds a lot of questionable areas, while its more subtle effects on animals is as fatal as the blatant ones. Wind Power The wind’s molecular structure and versatility in movement are the main reasons why it is a good agent of producing electricity by means of wind turbines. The blades of the turbines are â€Å"designed to capture kinetic energy in the wind† (Layton, n.d.). The heat of the sun combined with the irregularities of the Earth’s surface, are the main factors of wind formation; thus leading us to the idea that wind power is basically an offshoot of solar energy. The origin of using the wind as an energy resource dates back hundreds of years ago when civilizations prosper and began to develop agriculture. According to Redlinger, Andersen, Morthorst, and the United Nations Env ironment Programme (2002), the origins of wind power may be traced back in ancient Asia particularly in some parts of North Asia and the Middle East. In the eve of European navigation, windmills were spread across the European continent particularly in the Netherlands and Denmark, where windmills were used primarily for irrigation. What convinces environmental advocates that wind power is the safest form of renewable energy is the fact that it does not reproduce radioactive chemicals like what nuclear energy does. Truly, wind energy is tried and tested through time. However, the needs of the society nowadays are a far cry from what it is before. If power was only needed to process wheat and other agricultural products, then the amount of power the wind produces would be enough, but looking into the modern context where steel and massive electricity needed to light the country’s households, power generated by the wind would only mean a speck of dust. A Lighter Side of the Issu e Harnessing energy from the natural wind may be the biggest advantage of wind power if compared to fossil fuels or nuclear energy. According to the Energy Resource Center of Wisconsin (n.d.), power plants generally produce toxic by-products such as mercury and lead, which are both lethal to the environment and human and animal health. The use of wind power would likely to reduce the production of these chemicals in such a way that it would prevent contamination of clean natural resources. In addition, an edge that wind power may have among other forms of energy source is the longevity of the system. The wind power equipments have accessible materials for its maintenance and would less likely to require expensive machineries for its sustenance (Cane, 2010). Nowadays, information about the wind power offers a bright future for the environment; however several environmental advocates disagree with this statement. The Other Side In his book Power Hungry: The Myths of "Green" Energy and the Real Fuels of the Future, Bryce (2010) regarded the energy by the wind power, a myth; more-so with its efficiency as electricity provider. In the case of Denmark’s wind power resources, the wind turbines needed a considerable amount of electric generation capacity (Bryce 2010). Basing on the Denmark’

Few topics. African American Identities, African Immigration and Research Paper

Few topics. African American Identities, African Immigration and Diaspora, Africans becoming Americanized and losing culture - Research Paper Example Besides, the paper will talk about how African Americans today do not really accept their African side and want to be ‘Americanized’. It is also noted that in many instances, African American look down upon or dislike pure Africans and this is equally to be analyzed. Besides, the migration into America in search of employment or settlement in Diaspora is of concern to this paper. The 1807 abolition of slave trafficking into the US marked a great step in defining the future of the Africans who would often find their way to America as slaves. The abolition also allowed the slaves then to settle there and this marks the main origin of African Americans although scores of other Africans have latter settled in the US intentionally, or as the law allows either in search of employment opportunities, education, as refugees or seeking asylum or for such other reasons as. There is however a disparity that is pointed out between the native African Americans especially who are citizens by birth and the immigrants. History depicts a ‘bad’ past for the African Americans who faced among other things prejudice from the whites based on the skin color. In fact, despite having rightfully settled and acquired the American citizenship, history shows how the racial discrimination has been a feature in the country. The discrimination and or treatment accorded to the African Americans by the white would be based on identity. However, great changes have been witnessed with great persons of African origin rising to heights of influence in the nation with the most current being the president. This shows a great evolution with the African Americans now actively participating merely in all aspects of life and politics being the most influential. The African-American identity has slowly gained acceptance among the whites in the country hence explaining even the policy frameworks that allow even new immigrants of

Green Initiatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Green Initiatives - Essay Example The company has an organic growth model that has enabled the company to achieve tremendous growth during the last decade. In 1999 the company served less than 5 million passengers. In the 21st century corporate social responsibility has become an important strategic path that companies follow in order to achieve success. Corporate social responsibility can be defined as alignment of a company’s activities with the social, economic, and environmental expectations of its stakeholders (Sourcewatch, 2009). As a low cost airline the company is automatically complying with the economic expectation of its customers. The company is a member of European Low Fares Airline Association. Ryanair has one of the best environmental records in the airline industry. Ryanair selects aircrafts models for its fleet that have the latest and most efficient engine technologies. This green initiative has helped the company reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 45% over the last decade. The firm has further decreased its CO2 emissions during the last 10 years by an additional 10% by optimizing its flight route trajectory. The company does not use flight hopping mechanisms; instead all of its flights are one way destinations directly to the final location. The airline also avoids long taxiing time and holding patterns at primary congested airports (Ryanair, 2009). CO2 emissions are the primary factor that is causing air pollution that leads to the imbalance in the greenhouse effect and global warming. Rising carbon dioxide levels from burning fuel fossils are scientifically linked to sea level changes, snowmelt, disease, heat stress, severe weather, and ocean acidification (Rice, 2008). The company has invested over $17 billion since 1999 in its aircraft replacement program. The aircraft replacement program enabled the company to lower its fuel consumption by 55% between 1998 and 2007

Fairness in Taxation theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fairness in Taxation theory - Essay Example In 1949, the income tax rate was 50 Percent. Ideally, there was not fairness because every person paid tax on equal tax rates irrespective of how much a person earned. However, when Income and Corporation Act 1970 was enacted in 1970, it improved distribution of tax burden among different income groups. Tax rates were divided into lower rate, basic rate, higher rate, and addition rates depending on the levels of income earned by individuals. On the other hand, corporate tax rates were categorized into small profit rates, small profit upper limit rate, marginal relief limits and the main rate. Categorisation of tax rates for individuals and corporation brought some fairness in the tax system. Brederode (2009) define fairness to paying tax according to ones ability. It should also be based on the benefits (public goods/services) a person or corporation receives from the government. Fairness in taxation means that all people are treated equally without discrimination. Furthermore, Adam Smith defined fair taxation as a progressive tax system. Progressive tax system imposes greater tax burden to the rich as compared to the less rich. Therefore, a person or entity pays tax according to the amount earned and public goods consumed. If a person or entity earns more income or uses more of a public good, tax burden imposed on them also increases. However, fairness varies over time and is highly subjective. According to Adam Smith, statistics indicated that affluent (rich) people often benefit more with economic expansion. Therefore, because benefits accrue more to the richer when there is economic development and expansion; it becomes natural that they pay more tax to support a government that delivers the public goods and services to them. In addition, a large corporation uses more of public good than a small corporation uses and should be taxed more. Furthermore, concerning income tax on individuals, non-domiciled citizens are required to pay taxes on income earned in f oreign country to pay for the benefits he or she received when growing or residing in the original home country. The importance of fairness in taxation Fairness in tax administration is critical. This is because fairness plays a critical role in influencing tax payers behaviours and attitudes. First, fairness in taxation is an indication of distributive justice. When taxpayers feel that the tax burden has been distributed fairly, they are likely to voluntarily contribute their taxes. Therefore, tax enforcement agencies will not increase their surveillance or increase their sanctions to make taxpayers comply. Consequently, will people behave fairly if the tax system treats them fairly and the cost of surveillance or sanctions will be reduced significantly. Secondly, it reduces uncertainties. Taxpayers normally feel anxious about taxes that they pay. However, if they perceive that taxation burden has been applied fairly, their anxiety or uncertainties reduce significantly and are able to concentrate on productive activities. Thirdly, fairness legitimises the tax system. Unfair taxation system may result in psychological reactance in taxpayers and may lead to opposite and retaliatory actions or behaviours. This is because people will perceive unfair tax system as illegitimate and are more likely to evade and avoid taxes. This may result to fewer taxes collects and increased administrative costs. b) Fairness in the 2010/2011 UK’

Green Initiatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Green Initiatives - Essay Example The company has an organic growth model that has enabled the company to achieve tremendous growth during the last decade. In 1999 the company served less than 5 million passengers. In the 21st century corporate social responsibility has become an important strategic path that companies follow in order to achieve success. Corporate social responsibility can be defined as alignment of a company’s activities with the social, economic, and environmental expectations of its stakeholders (Sourcewatch, 2009). As a low cost airline the company is automatically complying with the economic expectation of its customers. The company is a member of European Low Fares Airline Association. Ryanair has one of the best environmental records in the airline industry. Ryanair selects aircrafts models for its fleet that have the latest and most efficient engine technologies. This green initiative has helped the company reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 45% over the last decade. The firm has further decreased its CO2 emissions during the last 10 years by an additional 10% by optimizing its flight route trajectory. The company does not use flight hopping mechanisms; instead all of its flights are one way destinations directly to the final location. The airline also avoids long taxiing time and holding patterns at primary congested airports (Ryanair, 2009). CO2 emissions are the primary factor that is causing air pollution that leads to the imbalance in the greenhouse effect and global warming. Rising carbon dioxide levels from burning fuel fossils are scientifically linked to sea level changes, snowmelt, disease, heat stress, severe weather, and ocean acidification (Rice, 2008). The company has invested over $17 billion since 1999 in its aircraft replacement program. The aircraft replacement program enabled the company to lower its fuel consumption by 55% between 1998 and 2007

Impairments of intangible (including goodwill) Research Paper

Impairments of intangible (including goodwill) - Research Paper Example Under the USA GAAP principle, the methodology used for the determination of the impairment of long lived assets is based on the two step approach. In the two steps approach, the first step requires test of recoverability. In this test, the comparison of the carrying amount and future amount of discounted cash flows from the using and disposing. In case, the assets are determined to be not recoverable than impairment testing conduct becomes mandatory. Contrary to this, in the IFRS system one step approach is employed. Under this system, the existence of the impairment indicators makes it mandatory for the application of the impairment testing (EY, a). The second major difference in the treatment of intangible assets in US GAAP and IFRS exist in calculation of the loss in the impairment of long lived assets. Under the system of US GAAP using FAS 157 entitled Fair Value Measurement is employed and the loss calculation is difference between the carrying amounts to the fair value amount. On the other hand, the IFRS system of financial reporting, the calculation of the loss is conducted by measuring the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is measured as either the fair value net of cost of selling or value in use or value indicating future value of discounted cash flow including the amount received after disposal. ... Additionally, the reporting unit can also be accounted in the level under operating segment or the component. In the IFRS financial reporting of corporate accounts, the allocation of goodwill is conducted differently. Goodwill in the IFRS system is allocated either in the group of Cash Generation Unit (CGU) or CGU itself. Allocation of the Goodwill in the group of CGU represents lowest level from which the internal management monitors goodwill for internal assessment IAS 36.6. Importantly, this group, by law of IFRS 8 (Operating Segment) cannot larger than operating segments (EY, a). In addition to the goodwill allocation carrying differences in the two internationally followed systems of reporting of corporate accounts, methodology for the determination of impairment of goodwill also varies. Corporate accountants using US GAAP system of reporting has to imply the two step approach or methodology for the determining the requisite impairment. Under two-step approach requires performin g the recoverability test at the level of reporting unit in which the allocation of goodwill is conducted. In this initial test, the net amount of difference of the reporting unit’s carrying value to the reporting unit’s fair values is conducted. Positive difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the reporting unit makes it mandatory to perform the impairment test for the goodwill. Companies using IFRS system of developing the financial accounts apply the one step approach. Under the IFRS system it is simply mandated to conduct the impairment test. The impairment test of goodwill is conducted at CGU unit. Under this approach, the comparison of the carrying amount at CGU level with recoverable amount is conducted while carrying amount

Framework Essay to Edward Said’s Essay Example for Free

Framework Essay to Edward Said’s Essay In any part in the world, there is no place to be but home. Home is a place where we feel safe and take refuge. But how we’ll feel if this is taken away from us? The essay by Edward Said, â€Å"States†, narrates the story of about his country, Palestine, and the struggle of his country men. He also shares the passion for his homeland which we can relate to. â€Å"States† exemplify the experiences and perceptions of how important a home is to a common Palestinian. Our country is a big part of our self. As we are born, we are destined to become a part of it. It became part of our identity. Things that we grew up with meant something to us. We usually treasure things that became part of our lives. Even unconsciously, we take hold of it. Home brings us memories, memories that we want to hold on up to our last breath. It plays a big role to our development, as a child and as a person fully. Home is part of ourselves which became a foundation of who we are today. To be away from home makes us feel empty or incomplete in a sense. This is experienced by people who are exiled from their own homeland. Exiles are treated as aliens and feel shame to one’s pride. Exile is a miserable thing. Nothing can be so embarrassing than to be taken away from home. It saddens a person to feel a stranger to his own country. One is not only deprived of the social rights but as well as the freedom. As described in the essay of Edward Said an exile is referred as â€Å"present absentees† where to their homeland, they are vanished and as for the host country they are viewed as aliens. However, having troubles cannot stop a person from his will. In spite of the intense conflict between the Palestine-Israel, one cannot take away the momentum of an important occasion like wedding. Circumstances like these were illustrated in the text. A person in the middle of crisis stays positive and hopeful. Palestinians, which travel from time to time for because of occupation and safety, became used to these. One’s true happiness is in the state of thinking. He can stay happy despite of his terrible condition. Said also shares his experiences from his youth and what he knew from his country. One sad part also is the stability of the land, suppression from your own land. One is deprived of being free on his own country. Children cannot play outside without parents worrying their safety. To a place where he grew up and know to be his home became an odd place. I believe that home is very important in any living thing. It doesn’t only provide us shelter but is also a part of our personal development. It helps us build our confidence through the feeling of security. A home is like a mother to us which provides us what we need to sustain living. Our nourishment as a child is fed by the things that happen around us. These things shape the character of a person. Home builds a person’s character. Home is the environment which we live in and has an impact on our lives. To take something away from us bring us the feeling of being incomplete. We are already attached to it. Without the home that we used to be, somehow we feel lost. One feels the sense of belongingness on it. A person learns from his surrounding. We must know how to appreciate what we have considering we live in a democratic and secured country. Home is a place that nourished us when we are young. And as we became old, there is nowhere else we would want to go but home.

Our Church Choir :: Personal Narrative Essays

Our Church Choir Last year our church choir was preparing for its twenty-seventh spring concert, and I was in charge. No, I was not president of the church choir, I was the "musician's representative!" I had not an inkling what that meant, but, sure enough, my ignorance would not linger. I was to be in charge of organizing all things musical, from equipment to musicians. The musicians seemed almost ready. The choir still had three songs to learn, but with rehearsals every night and impromptu performances in the dining halls, on the shuttle buses I felt generally confident. As a rule, when you are putting on a performance and feel "generally confident" one week before show time, begin panicking. The first disaster struck close to home: our drummer's grandmother passed away. Apart from the tremendous blow this tragedy dealt both him and the choir, we needed to find another drummer. Then, like an ominous slinky, the rest of my carefully laid plans fell one on top of the other. Our directors took ill. The music was taking too long to teach. Our pianist, gone. Our strongest soprano's voice, history. And I broke a bass string. I could do nothing but laugh . . . and cry. I managed to do that quite a bit. But just when Murphy's Law seemed martially imposed, things got miraculous. The night before the concert, an old church choir drummer stopped by to learn all two hours of the music. The choir learned the rest of the music that same evening and, when we finished, the room glowed with harmony. We were rough, but overall, the evening returned my general sense of confidence. (See above rule.) When I arrived the next evening, a troubling sight greeted me: a cart with none of the sound equipment I had ordered. We had no microphones. We had no speakers. I had already lost my wits by this point, and now I was inches from losing hope. A group assembled to see what could be salvaged from the situation and was mildly successful. But with all these distractions, the choir could not possibly be . . . Brilliant! The choir was brilliant. I have never been part of such a beautiful musical experience. But what is the point of this story? This story explains how our church choir operates: by grace of God and family.

Callie Khouris Thelma and Louise - Moving Beyond the Male Experience E

Even in today's growing world of feminism, young girls, as well as grown women, are being taught by the media to organize their lives around men. Their needs, expectations, work schedules, ideas, and interests become second to the men in their lives. All too often the media associates power and status to men, only to strengthen the barriers between the male and female genders. Take for example Hollywood, where "women get only about a third of all movie and TV roles, and last year earned less than male actors in all age categories..."(Eby, 1). And even though gender should not be used as the determining factor of what one can and cannot do, Hollywood, as well as everywhere else, has proven that the old habits of gender discrimination die hard, if at all. Luckily, there exist screenwriters and filmmakers who aren't afraid to step outside the limitations of gender, stirring up some controversy. Callie Khouri, creator of "Thelma and Louise" is the exception to this rule. Awarded "Best Original Screenplay", the film challenges our preconceived notions of gender limitations by "giving a feminine twist to a pair of all too familiar Hollywood genres, the road picture and the buddy picture"(NY Times, 1991). The "road and buddy movie" usually calls for men in the lead roles, whereas "Thelma and Louise" called for Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon. A film such as this one allowed for two women to get into dangerous trouble, enjoy themselves, and "unmask the other sex"; actions normally reserved for men (NY Times, 1991). According to Ms. Khouri, the script of "Thelma and Louise" was infact, "a conscious effort to counter what [she] sees as Hollywood's tendency to limit women's roles to easily identifiable types such as bimbos, whores, and nagging wives"(NY Times, 1991). She therefore uses the characters in the movie not so much to prove a point, but instead to make a point. At the same time that Ms. Khouri is making her point, the movie becomes somewhat of a catharsis for women. "Thelma and Louise" is supposed to be "about what every woman knows"(Eby,4). Though rape is a major issue that is used in the movie, it is not supposed to be the only issue women relate to. The general comparison between the women on screen and the women in the audience should be the feeling of at one time or another having been threatened, having been treated as inferior, or having foun... ...y she begins to snap under the pressure. In one particular scene, the role reversal becomes most obvious to the audience. Louise finds out that Thelma has left JD alone in her hotel room with the money which Jimmy had brought them. By the time the girls make it back to the room, JD and the money are long gone. Louise comes to the realization that the control she once possessed has now escaped her. Thelma, who watches as her friend crumbles before her eyes, realizes that she needs to break free from her child-like persona and take control of the situation. Thelma takes on a new sense of responsibility and maturity. She gives Louise a chance to finally let her guard down. "This is a movie about the adventures of women, and that's rare. And that really sad that its rare and we can't think of another movie like this"(LA Times, 1991). Thelma and Louise was a movie written and produced to give women an opportunity to finally tell their story in a society where the media is all too often dominated by males. This was an opportunity to move females from the roles of girlfriend and side interest into the leading role. It is no longer about a man's experiences and a man's adventures. Callie Khouri's Thelma and Louise - Moving Beyond the Male Experience E Even in today's growing world of feminism, young girls, as well as grown women, are being taught by the media to organize their lives around men. Their needs, expectations, work schedules, ideas, and interests become second to the men in their lives. All too often the media associates power and status to men, only to strengthen the barriers between the male and female genders. Take for example Hollywood, where "women get only about a third of all movie and TV roles, and last year earned less than male actors in all age categories..."(Eby, 1). And even though gender should not be used as the determining factor of what one can and cannot do, Hollywood, as well as everywhere else, has proven that the old habits of gender discrimination die hard, if at all. Luckily, there exist screenwriters and filmmakers who aren't afraid to step outside the limitations of gender, stirring up some controversy. Callie Khouri, creator of "Thelma and Louise" is the exception to this rule. Awarded "Best Original Screenplay", the film challenges our preconceived notions of gender limitations by "giving a feminine twist to a pair of all too familiar Hollywood genres, the road picture and the buddy picture"(NY Times, 1991). The "road and buddy movie" usually calls for men in the lead roles, whereas "Thelma and Louise" called for Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon. A film such as this one allowed for two women to get into dangerous trouble, enjoy themselves, and "unmask the other sex"; actions normally reserved for men (NY Times, 1991). According to Ms. Khouri, the script of "Thelma and Louise" was infact, "a conscious effort to counter what [she] sees as Hollywood's tendency to limit women's roles to easily identifiable types such as bimbos, whores, and nagging wives"(NY Times, 1991). She therefore uses the characters in the movie not so much to prove a point, but instead to make a point. At the same time that Ms. Khouri is making her point, the movie becomes somewhat of a catharsis for women. "Thelma and Louise" is supposed to be "about what every woman knows"(Eby,4). Though rape is a major issue that is used in the movie, it is not supposed to be the only issue women relate to. The general comparison between the women on screen and the women in the audience should be the feeling of at one time or another having been threatened, having been treated as inferior, or having foun... ...y she begins to snap under the pressure. In one particular scene, the role reversal becomes most obvious to the audience. Louise finds out that Thelma has left JD alone in her hotel room with the money which Jimmy had brought them. By the time the girls make it back to the room, JD and the money are long gone. Louise comes to the realization that the control she once possessed has now escaped her. Thelma, who watches as her friend crumbles before her eyes, realizes that she needs to break free from her child-like persona and take control of the situation. Thelma takes on a new sense of responsibility and maturity. She gives Louise a chance to finally let her guard down. "This is a movie about the adventures of women, and that's rare. And that really sad that its rare and we can't think of another movie like this"(LA Times, 1991). Thelma and Louise was a movie written and produced to give women an opportunity to finally tell their story in a society where the media is all too often dominated by males. This was an opportunity to move females from the roles of girlfriend and side interest into the leading role. It is no longer about a man's experiences and a man's adventures.

Herzberg Theory Essay

Herzberg’s Two Factor theory (Motivator-Hygiene) suggested that the factors involved in producing job satisfaction and motivation are separate and distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. (Herzberg, 1987) In 1959, Frederick Herzberg found that people had two essential needs in life. 1. The human’s need as an animal to avoid pain 2. The human’s need to grow psychologically And from the two founding, Herzberg has come up with a two factor theory or is also known as Motivator-Hygiene theory that has been a stepping stone for motivation in the workplace. Motivator-Hygiene Theory Herzberg interviewed 203 engineers and accountants. A survey has been done to identify how they feel about their jobs. They were asked to remember back the time when they felt really good at their job and the feelings that associated during that time. And later, they were also asked to recall a time when they felt really bad towards the job and the feelings that associated with it. These results led to two categories Job Satisfiers Job Dissatisfiers. * Motivator Factors (Job Satisfiers) Factors that create positive feelings. These included things such as achievement, responsibility, growth in workplace and recognition. * Hygiene Factors (Job Dissatisfiers)  Factors that are related to work context and environment. These includes company policy, administration, job security, salary and work conditions. The theory states that if the motivator factors are present in conjunction with hygiene factors then the job will be satisfying. If the hygiene factors are the only present factors, then the job will be in a neutral state. Employees are not dissatisfied and they have average performance. If the hygiene factors are not present then the job becomes dissatisfying, with or without motivators. Even though hygiene factors do not lead to extra work they are needed as building blocks to start productivity. Therefore, in order move beyond this level, the motivator factors are needed. Herzberg, F.I. (1987), â€Å"One more time: How do you motivate employees?† Harvard Business Review, Vol.65 (5), pp.109 – 120 Herzberg, F., Maunser, B. and  Snyderman, B. (1959), The Motivation to Work, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, NY

Analysis Paper: Zinsser’s Book on Writing Essay

How can I, as a writer, balance writing for myself and for my readers without sacrificing the other? That is the question I was struck with while reading Zinsser’s book On Writing Well, and one he presents.In his book, writers are encouraged to adopt a style that is fitting of themselves, yet capture and maintain the attention of readers. What if my style does not capture readers? What if what captures the attention of readers does not do the same for me as I write? Am I stuck wrestling between this paradox of uncertainty or is there a way out? Note to self: NOT writing is not an option. Luckily, Zinsser, who is a writer, editor and teacher, offers solutions in chapters four, five, and nine that I found very helpful and will serve as a guide in future writing assignments. He advises that I eliminate any unnecessary words and keep my language simple. This won’t take away from my style, but enhance it by removing the â€Å"excess or murkiness [that] has crept into [my] style† and obstructs the message I am trying to convey to readers. Style is something that every writer possesses and makes him/her equally unique. So, the first step in capturing my audience while writing for myself is to relax and be myself. Zinsser states: The reader will notice if you are putting on airs. Readers want the person who is talking to them to sound genuine. Therefore a fundamental rule is: be yourself (19). Before writing, I should relieve myself of any pressure to write in a way that feels unnatural, produce an awesome paper that will rock everyone’s socks off, or me et a certain page length. Just sit down, believe in my own identity and opinions, and write! Aside from being myself, the second step is to determine the audience of my paper. A writers’ audience will first and foremost be him/herself. Zinsser continues to reiterate this point of authenticity by saying, â€Å"Don’t try to visualize the great mass audience. There is no such audience – every reader is a different person†¦You are writing primarily to please yourself, and if you go about it with enjoyment you will also entertain the readers who are worth writing for (24).† Oftentimes, I forget about myself when writing in an effort to complete the assignment and give the teacher what I think he/she may be expecting from someone at my educational level. Those assignments have been the ones I least enjoyed writing and/or have been told was missing my voice. By writing in this manner, I have been performing a huge disservice to my audience by not giving them what they need: me. I apologize! Along with expressing my personality, I should not neglect my craft. There is no excuse, as Zinsser states, for sloppy workmanship. I should respect my audience enough to pay close attention to technical details and ensure that their reading process is one of clarity then artistry. Third and final, I should start and end all of my writing assignments with â€Å"freshness, or novelty, or paradox, or humor, or surprise, or with an unusual idea, or an interesting fact, or a question† that will capture my readers (55). Zinsser says that the most important sentence in any article is the first one. If the reader has not been attracted to my subject through that sentence then there are no chances the reader will want to read further. Along with creatively beginning and ending my writing assignment, the information I present must give the reader a sense of purpose while reading. Readers need to know why I have chosen my topic, why they should read it, and be given enough information that leaves them feeling well-informed. As I continue to hone my writing skills and further develop them in other students, I want to carry Zinsser’s central message of authenticity with me. Writing at its best is unique, informative, and â€Å"an intimate transaction between two people, conducted on paper, and it will go well to the extent that it retains its humanity† (20). I want to urge my students to never forget the most essential piece in their writings: themselves. If that is forgotten, then the â€Å"intimate transaction† that is needed between them and their audience will be distant and ineffective.

Compare and Contrast Walter Mitty with Rip Van Winkle Essay

â€Å"May Day! May Day! We’re going down!† Right before impact you are awaken suddenly by a tapping on your shoulder by your teacher and a class full of laughing peers. It happens to everyone at one point or another. Every high school student has been succumbed to a wild daydreaming adventure. In the short story, â€Å"The secret life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber, a man by the name of Walter Mitty can hardly tell reality from his vivid imaginary dreams which undertake him spontaneously as he feuds with his nagging wife. In a very similar short story, â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† by Washington Irving, the main character Rip Van Winkle slips away from his domestic problems with his wife to a place of serenity where he can sleep in the peace and quiet of the Catskill Mountains. These two stories possess many striking similarities yet there are many differences between them which make them unique. Similarities run wild between these two stories. The most noticeable trait in which both stories possess heavily is the portrayal of the wife. In â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†, Rip’s wife is a nagging, mean old hag who gets her kicks out of bossing him around and taking him away from his fun with the neighborhood children and his dog. An extremely strong connection can be made from the wife of Rip to the wife of Walter Mitty. Mitty’s wife is obviously a control freq who always has to have things her way, and if things fail to lean in her favor then all havoc breaks loose. â€Å"Not so fast! You’re driving too fast!† said Mrs. Mitty. â€Å"What are you driving so fast for? (Thurber 2)† Another large similarity between Walter and Rip are their overwhelming tendencies to avoid any form of laborous activity pertaining to their own benefit by choosing to do something a little more exciting and fun. In Rip’s case, he simply leaves his wife and his h ouse with his dog, Wolf, to escape all of the responsibilities his wife imposes on him to be in the peace of the forest where he can relax for awhile. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle, however, was one of those happy mortals, of foolish, well-oiled dispositions, who take the world easy, eat white bread or brown, whichever can be got with least thought or trouble, and would rather starve on a penny than work for a pound. (Irving 4)† Walter Mitty is sidetracked every time he is told to do something by falling into a new daydream. His wife often has to tell him to do a particular activity multiple times before Mitty makes a formidable attempt at completing it. â€Å"When he came out into the street again, with the  overshoes in a box under his arm, Walter Mitty began to wonder what the other thing was his wife had told him to get. She had told him, twice before they set out from their house for Waterbury. (Thurber 5)† These two characters go hand-in-hand with one another, yet there are still significant details about each one which make them unique. Although very similar, these stories possess many distinct differences which separate them from one another. The first and foremost is the time in which each takes place. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† is set in the colonial days from pre-Revolution to post-Revolution while â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† is set in the roaring ’20s of the 20th century. The main characters also have their own unique attributes as well which helps to distinguish them from each other. Walter Mitty is more of a dreamer and oddball, and uses his dreams to escape from his troubles and worries of the day. Rip Van Winkle is more of a playful, joyous person who just outright despises his home. He works extremely hard for other people and is always there to help others out yet he refuses to make any tangible efforts to get things done around the house. â€Å"In a word Rip was ready to attend to anybody’s business but his own; but as to doing family duty, and keeping his farm in order, he found it impossible. (Irving 3)† Obviously another significant detail which separates these stories is how Rip Van Winkle falls asleep for 20 years and sleeps through the Revolution, waking up only to find that everything he had once known is gone for the most part. He awakes to learn that his wife has died and this actually made him happy. Walter Mitty does not despise his wife in the same way. Mainly, Walter Mitty is just slightly annoyed by her antics and her need for control. This detail probably poses the biggest separation between plots of the two stories. Differences are noticeably large and significant when comparing these short tales. Though very similar indeed, these two stories are in fact very different from one another. The main characters of the two run parallel in description and action yet the plots seem to stray away from one another. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† are two very unique and priceless pieces of American literature.

SOAP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SOAP - Essay Example 3 Appendicitis: patient lying still; involuntary guarding; tenderness in RLQ; other tests for peritoneal irritation positive; rebound tenderness; variation in presentation common, particularly with infants, children, and elderly (Dains, Baumann and Scheibel, 2012). 4 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): Abdominal tenderness, CMT and adnexal tenderness (usually bilateral); with peritonitis can also have guarding and rebound tenderness; fever and vaginal discharge common (Dains, Baumann and Scheibel, 2012). a Rationale: an abdomen or pelvis CT scan is done to diagnose the causes of abdominal pain which is often unexplained or infections (Corwin et al, 2014). Some causes of abdominal pain include infections such as appendicitis. a Rationale: the transvaginal ultrasound test looks at the reproductive organs of a woman, including the cervix, ovaries and the uterus. The test is conducted when there is an ectopic pregnancy or pelvic pain (Saccardi et al, 2012). a. Rationale: this is an ultrasound that focuses on the female pelvis. It examines a woman’s pelvic organs including the cervix, ovaries, uterus and the uterus lining (endometrium). A pelvic ultrasound is vital in diagnosing symptoms which are often felt by females such as pelvic pain. Also, a pelvic ultrasound is vital in monitoring the development and health of a fetus or embryo during pregnancy (Durham et al, 1997). Summary: (EXAMPLE GIVEN) I found this case particularly interesting because it allows me to utilize what I’ve learned during our health assessment workshop on campus I learned to evaluate the patient. By observing patient’s gait and performing test such as the Tinel’s sign test and Varus/Valgus stress test I was able to rule out possible sprain and/or tunnel syndrome (Graham & Uphold, 2003). I learned from my preceptor how to order test like x-ray and how to refer patients to other interdisciplinary

Explaining a Concept Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Explaining a Concept Research Paper - Essay Example The act of illegal immigration is increasingly becoming common in the United States and the authorities this has rang an alarm to the natives concerning the overwhelming presence of aliens in the country (Kimmel and Alan 54). The controversy with the situation is that others are of the opinion that most of those who are in the US illegally do no pose any threat to the people and it should not be blown out of proportion that they compromise the security situation in the country. This has sparked a heated debate on whether the stay is actually against the law or not, even with the spirited debate, there are stringent policies that guides entry into the US and those found without a legal document that backs their stay in the US are charged in the courts of law. How the illegal immigrant come to the US Just like any other country, for one to get immigration to the US legally, there are processes to follow, these processes constitutes quotas that will review the individual applications to allow one to go to the US or decline it because of factors that they always cite. For one to be cleared then, it means they have passed all the criteria that are set by the country, in this particular case the US. Some of the factors that are considered include reason for the visit to US. The immigration department is always very particular about the reason as to why some one want s to go to the US and will evaluate the sustainability of the reason to keep you in the US among other things before you can be given a green like to make your visit. Getting US citizenship is through the greed card, this is the sure way by which those who are want to be legal citizen of the US from alien places can consider. The problem with the green card is that most of the people are considering going to the US as citizen that the green card alone cannot grant all of them a chance given the limited number of the slots (Kimmel and Alan 59). It therefore means that most of the people who has the wish to go to the US cannot make it on competitive grounds and have to look for other option available. The fact that greed card is competitive and not all the people can be served by it, that situation has made it possible for these unqualified persons to be in the US illegally. Given the competitiveness of the green card, most of the applicant who does not succeed opts for the temporary visas to be in the US after which they get a job with the temporary visa and eventually apply for the green card. The concept of illegal immigrant in the US is totally misunderstood, people tend to think that when we are talking about illegal entry into the US we are referring to a number of people who have hid themselves behind the big tracks at the borders of the US to get into the country illegally. The picture of how illegally people are accessing the US according to most people is that in which one is hiding or using other faulty means to get into the country, this is not the case. Actually, in the r eal sense, most of the US illegal immigrants use a legal system initially to go to the US. In most cases, these people use the temporary document to go to the US, they obtain temporary work visas, and sometimes it is the touring visas. The problem is that they do this under disguise; their actual intention is not to return to their home country but to stay in the US for unforeseeable period. In this relation, most of the people

The problems caused by the cereal-cyst nematode (CCN) in many wheat Essay

The problems caused by the cereal-cyst nematode (CCN) in many wheat fields and Saudi Arabias huge amount of loss of underground water due to the attempt of becoming a major agriculture producer of wheat - Essay Example The writers determined the genetic basis of meloidoyne incognita –fusarium exosporium lycopersici disease which affected tomatoes as from the inoculations of progeny F2. The paper demonstrated the role of nematode in the disease interactions through resistance breakdown to F Oxysporum lycopersici in the presence of M. It showed that the cysts have a significant effect in the productivity of the important food crops. This paper evaluates the impact of the H.avenae on the spring wheat yields in Northwest Pacific. The condition had been observed on the fields but had not been quantified. It was motivated by the variation in infestation between the fields in dry land and irrigated fields. Heterodera avenae is widely distributed in the western US. These are the regions where wheat is grown in the non-irrigated winter wheat and summer fallows in the regions of low rainfall. The social and economic pressures have motivated growers to pursue a transition into the summer fallow rotation to the no till annual spring cereals. These cereals are also grown in the irrigated fields. Spring wheat was, therefore, planted without aldicarb in determining the relationship between H.avenae and the yields under the irrigated and dry land in moderately infested lands. From the research, the spring wheat productivity was negatively correlated with the initial H.avenae populations. This research paper aims to present valuable information and figures related to agricultural development plans in Saudi Arabia. This is done despite the unsuitable and harsh climate as well as other conditions for normal production in agriculture. This is because of the limited and deteriorating water availability for agricultural productivity. The paper focuses on the condition of Saudi Arabia in improving and increasing the production of agricultural products. The

Comparison of Sourcing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison of Sourcing Strategies - Essay Example There are different factors that can be considered in terms of the determination of the effects and the understanding of the sourcing process.  Ã‚  One of the most important strategic advantages in terms of managing the supplier base is by having fewer and solid suppliers for the materials and services needed in operation.   In addition, it is important to consider that local suppliers can be given priority to be able to lessen the processes needed to be undertaken as well as periodically check the quality of the materials and services procured.In the complex interaction of the supplier and the organizations, supplier alliances are being established.   In cases wherein there are changes in the supplier alliances in terms of the support given to a particular provider, the main affected are is the supply chain.   This can be related to the importance of following the strategic allocation of sourcing services.   If a particular supplier failed to provide the materials or servi ce needed the whole process is disrupted and the end product cannot be achieved.  Ã‚  Based on the study undertaken then, sourcing can be considered as one of the inevitable development of the current era to be able to answer the demands of the international community in a variety of goods and services.   For that matter, the strategic decision-making process in relation to sourcing is needed to be undertaken to optimize the advantages and benefits that can be derived from the said concept and process.

Reflective Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective Analysis Assignment - Essay Example The piece is also academic based on the fact that it makes reference to works done by other researchers in the same discipline. Another strong point of the formal essay (iii) is that it contains paragraphs that present the ideas of the essay in a logical manner. This is contrary to many essays written extemporaneously that mainly do not have a logical flow of ideas. The same structure is demonstrated by the formal essay (i) on â€Å"Learned Habit.† Nevertheless, the formal essay (i) contains large paragraphs that seem to express a mix of ideas. For instance, in the second part of the formal essay (i), the purpose of the essay and the negative impacts of smoking have been integrated in the same paragraph (formal essay i). Such an integration of ideas could be avoided by the use of an extemporaneous work that enhances the initial development of ideas. Considering the extemporaneous informal writing (i), the paper is written in a single paragraph that has a repetition of ideas, lacks a thesis statement, and lacks a logical flow of ideas. The work could be improved by ensuring that every idea has its logical significance by being presented as a paragraph. The informal writing (ii) starts with hanging ideas that do not have either an introduction or a conclusion. It appears like an excerpt from another essay that is incomplete. It was better if the essay was developed in point form since the length is like an outline of a better version of the paper to be developed later (informal writing ii). One of the best essays developed so far is the formal writing (ii). Although the writing does not have an introductory statement and a conclusion, it presents ideas in a logical manner and separates ideas based on their importance in the writing. Nevertheless, the informal writing (ii) does not recognize the ideas of other authors from which the essay is developed. Overall, the extemporaneous formal

The Great Depression Essay Example for Free

The Great Depression Essay Tillie Olson’s semi-autobiographic story â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† focuses on a mother’s reminiscing of the decisions she’s made regarding her first child, Emily, and the resulting impact those decisions had on her daughter. The mother, also the narrator, paints a picture of guilt, resentment, and remorse toward her choices while raising Emily. Throughout the story, there’s several instances that point to the mother possibly being a victim of postpartum depression. Emily. Although the consequences of the mother’s choices have already taken effect, she can’t help but to think about what she could have done or what Emily could be if she’d made the â€Å"right† decisions, as deemed by then society’s standards. The setting takes place during a time of struggle and hopelessness in the United States, the Great Depression of the 1930’s. The birth of Emily, in this trying time, made for a much needed contrast to the sense of despair in the air. â€Å"She was a beautiful baby. The first and only one of our five that was beautiful at birth (312).† Here, it’s apparent the joy that every first-time mother has. This effervescent sentiment only lasts for eight months, though, when Emily’s father abandons his family. For a young mother living in those times, that is devastating. Being a single-parent mother in the 1930’s was unheard of and extremely taboo. She’d be seen as an outcast and a failure to her family. In her mind, the only option was to leave Emily to her ex-husband’s family, in order to make a better living herself and her daughter. Upon Emily’s return, at the tender age of two, the mother hardly recognizes her and sees her in a new light. The baby who was once beautiful is no longer. â€Å"I hardly knew her [†¦] All the baby loveliness gone (313).† The culmination of separation, as well as the angst and disappointment that she felt for Emily’s father has taken effect and is now transferred to her daughter. Everything about Emily, from her appearance to her walk, now reminded the mother of her estranged husband. That very moment reveals the reason behind Emily’s jaded life postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that begins after childbirth and usually lasts beyond six weeks. Occurring in 8%-20% of all new mothers, postpartum depressed women exhibit behavior that is neither healthy nor motherly, which in turn has an adverse effect on the child. These effects became more than apparent in Emily’s case. PPD would help to explain the narrator’s constant distancing herself from Emily and difference of treatment her daughter received compared to her other children. The narrator’s environment, economic standing, social status, and many other factors contributed to her developme nt of PPD. According to a study by Child Psychiatry and Human Development, children of postpartum depressed mothers have results showing a plethora of adverse outcomes relative to community sample children. Children whose mothers were diagnosed with PPD demonstrated lower ego-resiliency, lower peer social competence, and lower school adjustment (Doesum). These results heavily support the claim that the mother in â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† had severe PPD in Emily’s early stages of life. The mother acknowledges her daughter’s social awkwardness in a passage from the story. I am glad for that slow physical development that widened the difference between her and her contemporaries, though she suffered over it. She was too vulnerable for that terrible word of youthful competition, of preening and parading, of constant measuring yourself against every other, of envy, â€Å"If I had that copper hair, â€Å"If I had that skin†¦.† She tormented herself enough about not looking like the others, there was enough of the unsureness, the having to be conscious of words before you speak, the constant caringwhat are they thinking of me? Without having it all magnified by the merciless physical drives. (316). In addition to these findings, girls of postpartum depressed mothers show lower verbal intelligence (Doesum). â€Å"School was a worry to her. She was not glib or quick in a world where glibness and quickness were easily confused with ability to learn (315).† Emily, during her teens substituted in for her step-father while he was away at war, acting as the second parent to her siblings. She had to grow up quick and even as a child, she didn’t have much of a childhood. The mother admits that Emily’s aiding her at home may have had an influence in her shortcomings in school, stating, â€Å"There was so little time left at night after the kids were bedded down. She would struggle over booksâ₠¬ ¦ (317).† Surprisingly, daughters of mothers who had PPD were also rated as less externalizing by their mothers than girls in the community sample. One of the interpretations of this result may be a tendency among girls of depressed mothers to show more role reversal or â€Å"parentification,† in an effort to fulfill the parent’s need for comfort and care. An example of this is when a young Emily was sent to nursery school. She gravely disliked the nursery but she never outright expressed it to her mother. She would come up with excuses such as the teachers being sick in order to persuade her mother to let her stay home. Emily would feel pain on the inside and never externalize it to the outside world. Regarding the other children, the mother always describes them in a positive light and shows favoritism toward them compared to when Emily was their age. With her second daughter, Susan, the mother always chalks up in a highly favored fashion. â€Å"[†¦] Susan, golden- and curly-haired and chubby, quick and articulate and assured, everything in manner and appearance Emily was not (316).† Susan exemplified what it was to be the â€Å"it† girl during those times with her appearance as â€Å"a chubby blonde replica of Shirley Temple.† This created a tense feeling of envy and jealousy within Emily, according to the narrator. Even during the story, the narrator interrupts her monologue to announce that her youngest child, Ronnie, needs his diaper changed. Afterwards, she and he â€Å"sit for a while and I hold him, looking out over the city spread in charcoal with its soft aisles of light (316).† This, a scene that would never be depicted during Emily’s childhood. The only mention of her at that age is depiction of the mother picking up Emily from the babysitter at nights which was always met with an outbreak of tears and weeping, â€Å"a weeping I can hear yet.† She’s always look at Emily w ith an expression of tightness and worry. â€Å"You should smile more at Emily when you look at her (313),† a neighbor once said to her mother. Her less than motherly attitude to Emily is further exposed when she reveals that she’d let Emily be absent but is noticeably stricter with her siblings’ school attendance. These conclusions support the idea that Emily’s mother at one time had severe postpartum depression. A mothers feeling of self-confidence and self-efficacy is determined by many different factors including contextual characteristics such as social support, infant temperament, and maternal mental health. Defined, maternal self-confidence is the mothers perception of her own ability to take care of the child and to correctly interpret the childs signals. It governs adjustment to motherhood and is of great importance with respect to a positive mother–infant relationship (Doesum). The mother makes it clear throughout her retelling of Emily’s past that she doesn’t view h erself as a very good mother. She internally expresses her frustration with the way she raised Emily and the choices she’d made. Of course, motherhood doesn’t come with a handbook but she could have done some things differently. Ever since she was eight months old, Emily had continuously been neglected. Her father left her as a baby and as a result, her mother sent her off to live with his family for a while. Then, she was placed with a babysitter and later on dropped off at a nursery, then to a convalescent home. The narrator not once referenced to Emily having a best friend or a child over to play, at an age where forming relationships with peers is crucial. Even at the convalescent home, Emily had made a bond with another child, until her friend was immediately placed in another home. The establishment wouldn’t let children keep the letter they received in the mail from parents and had strict rules for visitation. This so called â€Å"home† established an â€Å"invisible wall† so to speak between visiting parents and the children above on the balcony (Frye). â€Å"They don’t like you to love anybody here,† explains Emily (315). It represents a separation Emily would feel for the rest of her life. All her life, Emily has invariably been pushed to the side and abandoned by the people whom she thought loved her or at least had her well-being in mind. Because of this, she became a lonely, isolated child. Even through her gift of mime, performing for high schools and colleges, Emily still felt isolated and alone. High levels of stress, low quality mother–infant interactions and insecure attachment early in a child’s life can adversely affect the development of the brain, which can have long-term consequences, for example for the child’s capacities to regulate emotions and cope with stress. Whenever Emily’s mother went out with her step-father, she couldn’t take it. She would open the door, thinking it might make her mother come back sooner and place the clock on the floor, claiming the clock â €Å"talked loud.† The clock is just one of many symbols in the story, representing the time mother and daughter never spent together and the separation between the two. The narrator is convinced that Emily is â€Å"[†¦] a child of her age, of depression, of war, of fear (318). As she reflects on her daughter’s life, she feels resentment, angst, and guilt yet she doesn’t let this consume her. She still has faith that her daughter will lead a different path and not have to go through the same painful struggles she faced as a lonely, 19-year-old, single mother during the Depression. Hardships turned her into what she is today, a strong and mature woman which is apparent due to her unbiased analysis of what she could have done better while raising Emily. The mother always heeded the advice of others and never herself as a first-time mother, always looking for validation through outside externalities. She corrected these mistakes with her subsequent children but by the time she realized it for Emily, it was too late. The damage has already been done. Although she may forever be reluctantly under the power of the iron, she wants Emily to be persuaded â€Å"[†¦] that she is more than this dress on the ironing board, helpless before the iron.† She has the capability to make something of herself, regardless of the way she grew up. Emily, at 19, has more opportunities than her mother had at the same age. That slight tinge of hope leads readers to interpret their own future for Emily, which she jokingly hints to through her budding talent for comedy by inferring that the human race will be atom-dead in a few years. She has a strong resource with her talent for pantomime that hopefully will foster as she grows older and gives her a chance to see what life is like outside of poverty. Emily is a survivor, through it all and has the ability and capacity to take life by the reigns, if she so chooses (Yahnke). Bibliography Doesum, Karin T. M., et al. Early School Outcomes for Children of Postpartum Depressed Mothers: Comparison with a Community Sample. Child Psychiatry and Human Development43.2 (2012): 201+. Academic OneFile. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. Frye, Joanne S. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing’: Motherhood as Experience and Metaphor.† Studies in Short Fiction 18.3 (Summer 1981): 272-292. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed David L. Siegel Vol 11. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. Literature Resource Center. Web 19 Mar 2012. Gerstenlauer, Jakob, et al. Effects of Postpartum Anxiety Disorders and Depression on Maternal Self-confidence. Infant Behavior and Development 35.2 (2012): 264+. Academic OneFile. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. Olsen, Tillie. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing.† 1953. Portable Legacies 4th Edition. Schmidt, Jan, and Lynne Crockett, editors. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 312-318. Yahnke, Robert E. Magill. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† Robert E. Magill’s Survey of American Literature, Revised Edition, September 2006, p1-1 Short Fiction (Work Analysis). Literary Reference Center. Web. 28 Mar 2012.