Childrens Literature Essays

Childrens Literature Essays Childrens Literature Paper Childrens Literature Paper Essay Topic: Literature Which of the following is not a major value of sharing literature with children? Curriculum modification Studies show that Children go through the same stages of language development although the rate of development varies. A teacher who is leading childrens discussions about a series of books on the same subject written by different authors is encouraging cognitive development through? Comparing According to child development authority Joann Hendrick, which is not a stage of emotional development encompassed by early childhood? Insight and perspective versus self-condemnation The ability to express emotions, express empathy towards others, and develop feelings of selfworth and self-esteem describes? Personality development Socialization is said to occur When children learn the ways of their groups so that they can function acceptable within them. How can books be expected to aid in the social development of children? Books help children deal with various emotions related to friendship; become aware of different views about the world; realize that both girls and boys can succeed in a wide range of roles. All of the above. Childrens responses to literature are influenced by? Developmental factors; the literature environment; early and continual reading. All of the above. The earliest history of childrens literature began with? The oral tradition Puritan influence of literature emphasized? Moral development of children. The enlightened belief for the late 1600s that children should go through a period of childhood rather than be treated as little adults was credited to? John Locke What is the major reason that todays prized Newbery Award was named for John Newbery? He was the first to be successful in publishing and marketing childrens books. Where did the Brothers Grimm find their fairy tales? They listened to German storytellers. Lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland is considered one of the first childrens books written Purely to give pleasure to children; without a trace of a lesson or moral; as a fantasy for children. All of the above. In the 1980s, what type of literature was most frequently banned? Anti-American Optimism, religious values, patriotism, stability, respect for older generations, and traditional family models characterize the childrens literature of what age? 1938-1960 What is the usual source of plots in literature? Conflict Literary conflicts in which the main characters actions, desires, or values differ from those of others around him or her represent conflicts of? Person against society. Why is person against self conflict a popular device in childrens literature? All children must overcome fears and personal problems while growing up. In which genre would accuracy in setting probably be most important? Biography Which of the following is the definition of theme? The underlying idea that ties the plot, character, and setting together. The most powerful determinants of childrens reading are? Accessibility, readability, and interest. Why are themes difficult to identify? They are short phrases hidden in the story; they are often implied rather than directly stated; they are not always in stories. All of the above. The role of illustrations in childrens literature is to Inspire the imagination; complement the text; invite the reader. All of the above. Artists use line to suggest? Direction; motion and energy; mood. All of the above. A book page design with text placed opposite bordered illustrations on adjacent pages is considered? The most formal arrangement. The most informal type of page design would be? No text or word. Of the various media available to the artist, which of the following is among the oldest? Woodcuts. The earliest books for children were illustrated with which of the following? Black and White Woodcuts. A technique in which bits of objects are pasted to a surface is called a Collage Exposing children to art through picture books helps Develop their appreciation for and understanding of art, artists, and texts. Foster understanding of specific cultures and the artist whose works represent them. Encourage lifelong reading. All of the above. Which of the following distinguishes picture books from other types of books? In picture books, the illustrations are as important as the text or even more important than the text. Mother Goose serves as an excellent introduction to verse for very young children because of its Rhyme, pleasing sounds, and rhythm. The Mother Goose rhyme Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers has repetition of sound called? Alliteration. Which of the following is probably the strongest reason that there have been so many collections of Mother Goose rhymes? They have strong, enduring appeal for children. Toy books can include? Board books, pop-up books, cloth and plastic books. All of the above. In alphabet books designed specifically to teach young children the letters and their sounds, which of the following is particularly important? Pictured objects should not have more than one commonly used name. When analyzing counting books for preschoolers, which of the following is least important? The books are designed to develop the concepts of addition and subtraction. Which of the following is an important criteria when selecting high quality wordless books? The depth of detail should be appropriate for the age level of the children. There should be a sequentially organized plot that provides a framework for children who are just developing organizational skills. The subject should appeal to children. All of the above. Which of the following is most important in developing characters for picture storybooks? The characters must experience situations and emotions that are immediately familiar and credible to children. In picture storybooks, setting is used to Establish the location of a story in time and place. Provide an antagonist. Emphasize symbolic meaning. All of the above. What is probably the greatest value of reading to children? Helping beginning readers develop an appreciation for books and literature. Which of the following is not a way to motivate writing with picture storybooks? Drawing new illustrations to replace some of the pictures. In general, why were traditional literature stories told? To speculate about the beginning of things. To relate stories about people who performed brave deeds. To relate stories of mythical heroes. All of the above. Similarities among tales from different countries emphasize that Humans throughout the world have had similar needs and problems. Folklore from around the world should? Reflect the original cultures beliefs. What is the most likely reason that so many folktales, even folktales of different origins, have the same types of themes and recurring actions? Folktales reflect universal themes and morals. Which of the following is a common theme in folktales? Good overcome evil. Intelligence wins out over physical strength. Kindness, diligence, and hard work bring rewards. All of the above. A motif in literature is A recurring element used in the development of a story. In which of the following types of folktales are respect for elders and the dragon a symbol of imperial authority common elements? Chinese Folktales considered truly indigenous to the United States are? Tall tales. Which of the following distinguishes legends from myths? Legends are based on historical events. Related Papers Importance of Literature Article Summary Banning of Books Slavery Georges Marvellous Medicine Essay Martiarchal Role in Literature of Greece What Makes a Piece Literature? Role of Religion in Early American Literature Women who are materialised by masculine characters in literature English literature unit 1 assignment 2 Approaches to Teaching Reading World Literature Essay Reading Comic May Help Students Do Better in School Baroque Literature How to cite this page Choose cite format: Childrens Literature. (2018, Jan 22). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/'>APA "Childrens Literature." PaperAp.com, 22 Jan 2018, https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/'>MLA PaperAp.com. (2018). Childrens Literature. [Online]. Available at: https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/[Accessed: 19 Sep. 2019]'>Harvard "Childrens Literature." PaperAp.com, Jan 22, 2018. Accessed September 19, 2019. https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/'>Chicago "Childrens Literature." PaperAp.com, 22 Jan 2018, https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/'>ASA "Childrens Literature," PaperAp.com, 22-Jan-2018. [Online]. Available: https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2019]'>IEEE PaperAp.com. (2018). Childrens Literature. [Online]. Available at: https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/[Accessed: 19-Sep-2019]'>AMA Childrens Literature. (2018, Jan 22). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-childrens-literature/ Copy to clipboard B Pages:1 Words:94 This is just a sample.To get a unique paper Hire Writer Want to get a price estimate for your Essay? Deadline Paper type Essay (Any Type) Admission Essay Annotated Bibliography Argumentative Essay Article Review Book/Movie Review Business Plan Case Study Coursework Creative Writing Critical Thinking Presentation or Speech Research Paper Research Proposal Term Paper Thesis Other Article (Any Type) Content (Any Type) Q&A Capstone Project Dissertation Lab Report Scholarship Essay Math Problem Statistic Project Research Summary Assignment Dissertation chapter Speech Dissertation chapter: Abstract Dissertation chapter: Introduction Dissertation chapter: Hypothesis Dissertation chapter: Literature Review Dissertation chapter: Methodology Dissertation chapter: Analysis/Results Dissertation chapter: Discussion Dissertation chapter: Conclusion Dissertation Proposal Thesis Statement Thesis Proposal Application Essay Pages 550 words(double spaced) 126 writers online Check Price A limited time offer! Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now Childrens literature Paper The Midwife’s Apprentice Karen Cushman Sees Behind Trees Michael Dorris Out of the Dust Karen Hesse Number the Stars Lois Lowery Esperanza Rising Pam Munoz Ryan Roll of Thunder Hear my Cry Mildred Taylor Journey to Topaz Yoshiko Uchida The Watsons go to Birmingham Christopher Paul Curtis Linclon:a Photobiography Russell Freedman(Newberry) Hans Christian Anderson Hjordis Varmer Talkin about Bessie:The story of Aviator Elizabeth Coleman Nikki Grimes Yellow Star Jennifer Roy Amelia to Zora:Twenty-six women who changed the world Cynthia Chin-Lee Magic School Bus: Inside the Human Body Joanna Cole

catch22 essays

catch22 essays In J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfields innocence is taken away through a twisted chain of events. The novel opens up with Holden depresses after fluking out of Penecy, the suicide of a classmate, and the death of his brother, Allie. Because if these tragic events, Holden tries to preserve his innocence and the purity of the children around him. Holden wants to catch all of the naive children who are falling off the cliff into adulthood. As a result of Holden coming across his sister Phoebe and the *censored* you on the wall of the school, Holdens dreams of becoming the catcher in the rye disappear. He finally realizes that all children must fall into adulthood, just as While walking through the bust streets of New York, Holden notices a lighthearted little boy who is walking and humming if a body catch a body coming through the rye (43). Holden finds it humorous that the child can hum so nonchalantly as the cars on the bust street honk at him. Despite the fast-moving cars, which represent the average phonies in the world, the child pays no attention to them. When Holden sees that the little boy will not allow himself to be pulled into the average crowd of people, he realizes that not everyone wishes to fall from their simple childhood into adulthood. From Holdens encounter with this little boy, he wants to become the catcher in the I kept picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody around-nobody big, I mean-except me. And I am standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff. I mean if theyre running and they dont ...

COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS - Essay Example This is complemented by the low salaries in the country which would be effective in saving cost of the firm. An overview of the situation has been provided with regard to the culture barriers and differences between the two countries using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. This is important to know the behaviour of people in the country where the company wants to operate. Based on the cultural differences, suitable recommendations have been provided to remove or utilise the differences. Lastly, the future of India’s outsourcing industry has been analysed and presented. Terms of Reference The project discusses about an outsourcing firm based in India. It is an IT company operating from USA. The company is named as ABC IT Solutions. The company has entered into partnerships with the local firms in India to take up their outsourced activities. The company has partnered with the outsourcing firm to take assignments on the IT enabled services. The firm has also taken up the bu siness process outsourcing activities of the company. The IT services that have been outsourced by the company are data mining, data warehousing, IT consulting, e-Commerce, and software development. The business process outsourcing includes such crucial activities like Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Enterprise Resource Management (ERP). The main purpose of outsourcing the above activities is to save cost of the company. Since India’s labour cost is lower than that in USA, the company has set up its outsourcing operations in the country. The BPO market in India has been expanding at a fast rate. It is estimated that the BPO market in India would grow by 19% in 2013. The sector has become extremely organised and has become the focus of a number of multinational companies (India Current Affairs, 2010). Overview of the Situation It is critical that a globally integrated organisation shapes its management, operations and strategies in a g lobal way. This company has been facing crisis implementing its strategies in the BPO on India. Firstly, the managers are confronted with the problem of coordinating resources like material, human and finance in meeting its business objectives successfully (Wursten, 2008, p.1). They are also faced with the problem of combining the culture differences prevailing between the two countries. The effective means of combination in USA may not necessarily be effective in India. The culture clash may take place between the client and the service provider at two levels; the corporate culture and the national/regional culture. With regards to the corporate culture, the speed with which a service is provided, or the norms followed with regard to decision making, style or organisational structure may be different between the client and the service provider (McCray, 2008, p.6). Another potential cause of clash could arise out of the fact that the process of outsourcing represents commercial rela tionships between two completely different entities. Organisations could take inflexible and extreme positions which could create a sense of distrust or tension between the two (McCray, 2008, p.6). Among the national or regional inhibitors, there could be language barriers which could create communication problems. Also the expectations regarding open debates, acknowledgement of problems or willingness to adopt different work techniques to

Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Film - Essay Example Essentially considering which specific context would inspire the film to convey its core substance and value, Linklater and the rest of the filmmaking body could have schemed for direction and production on account of the city structure of Paris, the significance of open spaces within this big city, as well as the use of mixed concepts involving places whose functions are distinct from each other. Paris had shaped and created a colourful indispensable mark in the world history as much as the mother nation had so that through it, one would gain ease and good point of recollecting the period of Renaissance or the age of Enlightenment across Europe where fields like arts, literature, music, and philosophy flourished upon the emergence of intellectuals. To this day, the essence of creativity and critical thinking lives on in a manner that encourages a culture of thinkers to run the course of nature which apparently determines the mild rustic look of Paris, as a whole, though it is widely known to the world for its high sense of fashion. Its preserved humble yet classical structure occurs as the leading ground behind how the city manages to remain conducive for intellectual sort of reflections among real individuals whose roles might probably be those assumed by Jesse and Celine. Watching â€Å"Before Sunset† with intent look into the general structure of the city, the audi ence may naturally recognize the feel of society that lacks industrial appeal or some technological approach of projecting the theme, for the thematic relevance that proceeds along the conversation of the couple seems intimately connected to the historical roots of civilization. The structural worth of the city provides context to a depth of insight possessed by the main act of exchanging words from point to point where no high-rise postmodern constructions blend in so as to secure the notion that the city is at the level close to the view of humanism rather than industrialism. On the other

Cultural Anthropology Social Organization Essay Example for Free

Cultural Anthropology Social Organization Essay In the United States the practice of serial monogamy, where one goes through a series of marriages then divorce; and unwed parenthood seem to have replaced the cultural traditional marriage. (Nowak Laird, 2010) Single parent families and the accompanying socioeconomic circumstances usually warrant social intervention from state agencies and that places a strain on public funds. The fact is, every single parent household is unbalanced. In the household where both parents are present the children usually benefit because each parent brings; not only a gender based perspective to the relationship and child rearing cultural traditional practices; but he/she also brings a level of stability that is not easily quantified. Stable marriages are usually founded upon the couple’s religious beliefs, kinship traditions of stable relationships, friendship, trust, similar backgrounds, traditional values as well as kindred cultural practices that include gender role expectations. Persons in stable marriages tend to understand each other’s moods and idiosyncrasies; so they are able to co-exist and live as friends. In the film, people adhere to the traditions of their kindred, they hold them sacred and they marry their own kind. It might seem bizarre to the outsider but it is normal behavior for their kinship. Arranged marriages are basically bilateral agreements between two families. The groom’s family gives the bride’s family a bride wealth of livestock, jewelry land and other valuables depending on the traditional culture of the tribe. The bride wealth forms a part of the wealth of the bride’s kinship. The groom basically has to pay the bride’s family for the loss of her labor. (Nowak Laird, 2010). The women accept and submit themselves to the cultural traditions of their kinship. They have no choice in the arrangements. In the film, the women are hard workers. They take care of the men, children, fields, livestock wash the clothes, cook but the most bizarre was the Indian polyandrous family; the woman was married to three brothers. The children in this family do not know their biological father; and it is normal behavior so nobody really cares about a DNA match. It is also interesting to note that the wife in the feature film is illiterate and she knows no other way of life. The family is stable and the brothers look out for each other. This arrangement is economical as all the wealth is kept in the groom’s kinship. As strange as it may sound, this marriage seem to be more successful than the marriages of choice; in that the wives know there roles and stick to their list of duties. On the other hand, in marriages of choice, after a few years have passed, the wives tend to place pressure on the husbands to change into their likeness and to be what they, and their families want them to be. Arranged marriages are basically bilateral agreements between two families. The gang/crime family is a rather incredible one. I prefer to consider it as a social group with its own set of operational tenets but not a family. Rference Nowak, B., Laird, P. (2010). Cultural Anthropolgy, San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education Inc.

Potiphars Wife: Josephs First Love :: Art Essays Visual

Potiphar's Wife: Joseph's First Love Potiphar’s wife as seen through the eyes of Guido Reni comes to life with her soft looking skin and tender face as she stares longingly up at Joseph. Then her figure falls back into the painting as her pale flesh tones coupled with swirling velvet garments around her body create a surreal setting. She is at once real and unreal. Her features are relaxed, but her intentions are aggressive. Potiphar’s wife embodies the mystery Reni saw in women, capable of being at once threatening and innocent. Joseph, like Reni, is both opposed to Potiphar’s wife and at the same time his eyes linger on her face in an expression of unspoken desire. When she first asks Joseph to lie with her Joseph doesn’t drawback because he thinks Potiphar’s wife is ugly to look upon, or has had her sexuality tainted by another man. Instead it is Joseph’s fear of Potiphar’s wrath that holds Joseph back. He claims that Potiphar â€Å"...neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee, because thou art his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?(Genesis39:9).† However, just as Joseph’s figure lingers in shadow in Reni’s painting, so too do Joseph’s true feelings remain cloaked behind his words and actions. â€Å"...as she spake to Joseph day by day...to lie by her...it came to pass about this time, that Joseph went into the house to do his business; and there was none of the men of the house there within(Gen esis39:10-11).† If Joseph is capable of running a prosperous plantation in his master’s absence, and has shown the ability to turn the disadvantage of being a slave into a better life as chief overseer, why does he foolishly fall into Potiphar’s wife’s trap? The answer is that he knows full well that entering into his master’s home will result in another encounter with Potiphar’s wife, and another offer to lie in her bed. His excuse is that he has business to conduct, but as the overseer of the master’s homestead there is no shortage of men below him that he could send to do business up at the master’s house. Instead Joseph repeatedly returns to Potiphar’s wife, denying her advances, but at the same time aroused by her flirtations. In their final rendezvous Potiphar’s wife reaches out for Joseph’s garments and snags them in her hand.

Different Topics Writings

The following sentence is an example of Engfish: â€Å"The Nixon years are perhaps the most well remembered and least forgotten in the eyes of the American people. † I chose this example because it was a sentence that I actually wrote for a history paper. After learning what Engfish was, I was a bit surprised to find this type of writing in my OWN papers! Not only did I state that the Nixon years were the â€Å"most† well remembered, I went on to further expound on the fact that they were also the â€Å"least† forgotten.Of course, it goes without saying that if something is the most remembered, it is also the least forgotten, but without my own voice yet discovered, and not knowing what my teacher â€Å"wanted† or â€Å"was looking for†, I wrote like this – to fill space and sound a bit more formal. Looking at it now, it seems funny. I could have simply written, â€Å"no one will ever forget the Nixon years†. Let’s not forget â €Å"in the eyes of the American people†.First of all, people don’t remember things in their eyes, and more than the American people will remember the Nixon years. If I wanted to restrict the subject, I could have written, â€Å"America will never forget the Nixon years. † Fabulous Reality: The fenced-in school yard echoed of bouncing basketballs, jump rope chants, creaky swing chains and the clanging of eager children pushing and pulling on the fence. At the front of the one story building was a sign that said â€Å"Parent Teacher Conferences Oct. 27-29 and Fall Festival October 30†.On the west side of the drab brick building that faced the stone and asphalt playground, there were some cracked windows taped with duct tape on the outside, while children’s art work and colorful curtains decorated the interior. The bricks of the medium sized building were decorated with black scribbles from spray paint cans. Teens – alumnus of the building â₠¬â€œ stating that they had been there, whom they loved, and what teachers they hated. Amid the scribbles arose a large yellow smiley face, perfectly round with oval eyes and a broad black smile. There was a bloody bullet hole in its head.Metaphor/simile 1: My significant other is better than the finest waiter at the finest restaurant. He treats my feelings as if they were the most valuable porcelain dishes, with soft gloves, and quick and light attention. He lingers in my neck to catch my scent as would a wine lover with a bottle of newly opened wine. He has an artist’s eye for my eyes, staring at them and studying them to find what lies beneath. I feel like a million bucks and he is the millionaire, keeping close tabs on me, but letting me grow and work into something more as he both flaunts and protects me.Metaphor/simile 2: The child’s coos are sweeter than the sweetest song ever composed or heard. Her eyes are more beautiful than the reflection off of the deep blue water when it catches the sun on its brightest days. Her smile is as sincere as her parent’s love for her. Her cries are only reflections of need, not sadness. When others are around her, her joy is spread as easily as warm butter on warm bread. Her beauty is as evident as is her existence. This tiny little baby girl brings more warmth and joy than a Christmas day fire, yet she does not even know it.

Raft2 Sentinel Event

Sentinel Event: Child Abduction Description of Event A three-year-old patient presented to the hospital for outpatient surgery of bilateral myringotomies with mother. After the patient was registered, consent for surgery signed by mother, and prepped for surgery, the mother gave the pre-op nurse her phone number and left to run an errand with instructions to be called if her daughter was finished with surgery sooner than expected. The mother was expecting the patient would be ready to go home in about 2 hours.The pre-op nurse stated that she wrote down the mother’s phone number in her own notepad to call her. The patient completed surgery and was taken to recovery. At this time the recovery nurse paged out to the waiting room for the mother as parents are encouraged to come back to the recovery area as the children come out of anesthesia. With no answer from the page and the patient awake and stable, the patient was then given to the post op nurse for discharge. The post op nu rse stated that the recovery nurse had tried to page the mother, but made no mention of trying herself.The patient was becoming upset because she had not yet seen her mother. The security personnel called informing the nurse that the patient’s father had arrived and the patient happily met the â€Å"father,† so the discharge nurse waited another thirty minutes before releasing the patient to the father as there was no sign of the mother. When the mother of the patient arrived thirty minutes after the patient had been discharged looking for the patient, security was called, an internal code pink was initiated and law enforcement notified.Security stated that the mother informed them she had full custody of the patient and that the parents were divorced. The patient was found within thirty minutes in the care of the patient’s father at home. No charges were filed against the father. Roles of Personnel Registrar: A hospital registrar â€Å"performs scheduling, reg istration, verification and reception for all outpatient surgical patients (Northeast Health, 2012). † A hospital registrar is very important to hospitals, as they are the people who obtain insurance and billing information so that the hospital can get paid for the services it provides.The registrar at Nightingale Hospital stated that she entered the patient’s demographics and insurance information, obtained consent to treat the patient, and copied the patients insurance card. She did identify that, as it is not standard process, she did not ask for any other form of identification from the patient’s mother or ask about custody. At most hospitals that deal with pediatric patients, a standard part of the registration process is to have the parent’s present identification and a social security card of the patient. This is one way to help identify the parents as the parents of the patient.While custody information does not have to be given, as part of the con sent for treatment there is a clause stating that the parents who bring the child in are the only people to whom the child will be released upon discharge. Usually an identifier is placed on the parents by registration, such as a matching wristband that has the patient information and says parent, which helps staff know who to release the patient too. As there is no such process in place at Nightingale Hospital to verify parent identification, the registrar completed her job and moved on to the next patient.Pre-Op Nurse: The pre-op nurse is responsible for getting the patient ready for surgery. From â€Å"assess patient’s status, to reviewing the chart, identifying the patient, verifying the surgical site and marks site per institutional policy, establishing IV line, giving medications, and providing emotional support (Nurselabs, 2012). † The pre-op nurse stated in her interview that she was very busy the day of the patient’s surgery and did her usual assessment s and patient preparation, however she did have to run around to track down a gown.The nurse also stated that she wrote the mother’s phone number down on a notepad that she carries with her at all times. The mother requested to be called when the surgery was complete. The nurse made no mention of passing the phone number off to any of the other nurses or making a note on the chart for the other nurses to see regarding the mothers wish to be called and the number she could be reached at. The nurse also stated that she did not ask for custody information and felt that the doctor’s office should be responsible to get and give that information to the hospital.Overall the nurse did her basic work to prepare the patient for surgery. OR Nurse: The next nurse to receive the patient and have contact with her was the OR nurse. This nurse â€Å"maintains aseptic technique, controls the environment of the OR suite, transfers patient to operating room bed or table and positions th e patient: function alignment, exposure of surgical site, applies grounding device to patient, ensures that the sponge, needle, and instrument counts are correct and completes intraoperative documentation (Nurselabs, 2012). The OR nurse expressed concern in her interview that there was a possibility of this type of incident happening in other areas or departments in the facility as the OR is not the only area that separates children and parents to do procedures or tests. Overall the nurse did not identify much of her role and interactions with the patient or other staff in her interview. It is therefore assumed she did her role as described above but nothing further. Recovery Nurse: After the OR the patient was then sent to the recovery nurse.His role is to â€Å"determine the patient’s immediate response to surgical intervention, monitor patient’s physiologic status, assess and reassess patient’s pain level and administers appropriate pain relief measures, mai ntains patient’s safety (airway, circulation, prevention of injury), and assess readiness to be discharged or admitted (Nurselabs, 2012). † The recovery nurse stated that he received report from the OR nurse and took care of the patient as described above. As the patient woke up he â€Å"paged† to the waiting area to have the mom brought back.She did not answer and as the patient was stable and awake he took her to the post op nurse. There was no mention of the recovery nurse calling the mother as she had expressed to the pre-op nurse. The recovery nurse did not appear to know of these wishes, have her phone number, or be aware that the mother was not going to be in waiting room. The lack of communication from one staff member to another becomes apparent at this point in the patient’s care. The recovery nurse did not have any ideas on how to improve the system, but did express concern over lengthy and formal hand off report among nurses.The recovery nurse did not think outside of the normal standard when it came to trying to contact the patient’s mother, however he did his job according to hospital standards. Post-Op Nurse: The last phase of the patient’s care was to be transferred to the Post-Op nurse for â€Å"continued monitoring of patient’s physical and psychological response to surgical intervention, provides teaching to patient and family for discharge (Nurselabs, 2012). † The nurse stated that she was informed that the recovery nurse could not reach the mother via page.There is no mention of her trying to obtain a phone number to reach the mother. The nurse expressed that the patient was very distraught over not having her mother there. When security notified her that a person who stated he was the father was there, the nurse agreed to let him in and the patient was very happy to see him. The nurse stated in her interview that she waited for the mother, but when she did not show agreed to discharge the patient to the father’s care. The nurse did not check any identification from the father that acknowledged he was in fact the patient’s father.While the nurse did not have a specific hospital policy to follow regarding discharge of a patient, there was no extra effort on the part of the nurse to contact the mother per her report. Had there been notification on the patient chart regarding custody or a phone number the nurse could have easily verified information and not let the patient leave or gotten the mother’s approval for discharge. The nurse adequately took care of the patient during her time in the nurse’s care, however her choice to discharge the patient home without the mother was a lapse in judgment causing an error that could have potentially harmed the patient.Security: A security officer at a hospital has many responsibilities and depending on the needs of the hospital those duties may vary. Overall the officer is supposed to â€Å"write daily reports regarding the activities and disturbances (if any) that occur during his serving period, checks lights, alarm system, windows, doors, and gates, gives access to family members to see their patients, responds to any fire alarms, violent patients, and assists with helicopter landings (Sandhyarani, Ningthoujam, 2011). The security officer at Nightingale Hospital was responsible for bringing the â€Å"father† of the patient to the post-op care area to meet the patient, as well as responding to the â€Å"code pink† and notifying law enforcement of the abduction. The officer expressed concern over the delay in time of reporting the abduction when in fact, the nurse was unaware that the mother did not know the child had been discharged. The officer had an idea for using the same alarm coded bands used in the OB department with any pediatric patient and placing sensors around the hospital.It is great that he is thinking of new ways to help improve the system fro m a security standpoint. The officer responded to the situation quickly and efficiently using the information and resources he had available at the time. In the end the child was found and he therefore performed his duty quickly and efficiently. Surgeon: The surgeon’s responsibilities include ensuring that the patient is a good candidate for surgery, preparing the parents and patients for surgery, performing the surgery, overseeing the patients care post surgery. The urgeon who worked on the patient at Nightingale Hospital stated that he is the #1 ENT physician at the hospital. That implies he is very good at what he does. He stated that his office had records that state the mother is the primary custody holder of the patient and that the hospital did not get those records. While the hospital could have obtained the records, simply adding the question to the registration process would rectify the situation. The surgeon is very angry that this incident occurred and he does hav e a right as this is his patient and if these things continue to happen he will not have patients.The surgeon role is the overseer of the patient’s care before, during and after surgery. The surgeon completed the surgery and care of the patient as part of his job. Chief Nursing Officer: This person is responsible for just about anything that happens in the hospital from a nursing standpoint. This means that anything that is going right or wrong they deal with. The officer usually sits on many different committees to help with improving and maintaining staff education, competence, patient safety, and hospital management.The officer was not involved in the sentinel event, however it will be her responsibility to form committee, to complete the documentation, and to develop a way to ensure the event does not happen again. Barriers There are many different barriers that can impede effective interactions among people. These include physical, emotional, communication, language and cultural barriers (Ivanov, Tatyana, n. d). Physical barriers include demand of the nurse’s jobs including being short staffed, time constraints, technology, and unable to do face to face hand off reports. Emotional barriers include stereotyping, fear, anger, frustration, and mistrust.Communication barriers can encompass all the types of barriers. This barrier inhibits people’s ability to speak so that others understand, not all the information is given, and an inability to fully listen to what is said. Language and Cultural barriers include not being able to understand someone due to an accent, different meanings of words when translated from one language to another, and not understanding or respecting cultural views or practices. In this situation all of the staff experienced some form of barrier during the course of the patients visit. The biggest barriers appear to be communication and emotional barriers.A lack of proper hand-off report from one staff member to the next and nurses who appeared to feel overwhelmed and unsure of themselves or what to do next contributed to the patient being discharged to the wrong parent. Ways to decrease the presence of barriers and improve the staff interactions include a standardized hand off report, decreasing use of jargon or slang, giving timely feedback, decreasing physical barriers and talking in person, and learning about other cultures (Neusom, Ruby, n. d. ). Knowledge is power and the more the staff knows the better equipped they will be to identify and handle barriers as they arise.Getting a team of nurses together from multiple departments to help develop a standardized hand off report for staff will ensure that important information is passed on and not missed. In this report, staff must relay vital information for that patient as well as give report in person so that technology and language are not barriers. This will allow the staff to work together to improve their areas and it allows them to ta ke ownership of the project, meaning they will be more likely to utilize the hand off process in the future.Another way to improve interactions is to include barriers as a topic of education in the annual risk management education that staff completes each year. By helping staff to see and identify potential barriers they can hopefully prevent them from impeding patient care in the future. Quality improvement Method The quality improvement is a concept that not only hospitals but companies all over the world have been using for a very long time. Quality improvement is the process of looking forward and backward at company, process, policy, and/or safety. It is simply the process of making things better or improving them.It can be done to correct something that went wrong or used to prevent something bad from happening in the future. The method the Nightingale hospital needs to utilize is the FADE method. Focus, analyze, develop, and execute/evaluate (Wiseman, Beau and Kaprielian, Vi ctoria S, 2005). While there are many different models available in the business world today, they all have the common theme of analysis, implementation and reviewing. Different businesses tend to have different needs and therefore no model is better than another. The FADE model is useful to the hospital’s root cause analysis as it gives guidance and direction.The reason this model was chosen was because of the ease of use, the detailed direction and instruction, and the completeness of the model. This model allows the staff or committees to look at all angles of the situation and work to improve it. It is a complex model not a basic simple one, which gives better instruction. The first step of FADE is to focus. This means the hospital needs to identify a problem within the hospital and write a problem statement to help narrow down what is being looked at. The current issue is how to prevent child abductions within the hospital.While the OR is where the current event happened , it can easily become an issue for other areas of the hospital who care for children. The next step is to analyze the data and determine influential factors. This means the hospital will need to compile lists of what information is important to this case and what information is not. Collect any data about patterns and things that influence the outcomes or contribute to the problem or solution. This is the time for the hospital to evaluate what went wrong that lead to the child being discharged to a person that potentially could have not been the child’s relative.The more data that is gathered and analyzed the better understanding and better outcome the hospital can hope for in fixing the problem. The third step is to develop a plan of action. After gathering and reviewing all the information provided regarding the issue at hand. The hospital must develop a plan that helps to solve the problem. This is the time when getting people from multiple departments and areas of the ho spital will be important as each area will have a different view point that may help develop a plan that works for the majority of the people.During this stage not only does a plan need to be made but also planning to implement the plan. New policies and procedures cannot be implemented over night and expect all staff to agree and utilize it. All staff must complete proper training regarding the new plan before it can be put into use. For the hospital a plan needs to be developed that includes the input of security, OR staff, ER staff, OB staff, radiology, and administration. As multiple areas of the hospital will be affected by the new plan for pediatric patients, all those working with them should be included in the planning process.Once a plan is developed to prevent child abduction from happening again, education of all staff will be required. The last step in the quality improvement method is execute and evaluation. After staff has been trained it is time to put the plan into a ction. This is the time when committees will need to be organized to continue to evaluate and monitor the progress of the plan, keep records of the impact the plan has, and most important execute the plan. As time passes the committees will need to continue to evaluate the plan for success.If it is successful then continued monitoring is all that is needed. If the plan is not successful then the quality improvement methods starts again. It is during this phase that the hospital will need to ensure that every aspect of the plan is in place in a timely manner so that it can be properly evaluated. In this stage maintenance of the equipment and technologies will need to be completed as well as any minor adjustments to the plan that need to be made to better serve the entire staff and ensure the safety of the pediatric patients.Overall quality improvement is vital to patient safety and necessary for the continued advancement and improvement of patient care. By utilizing this method the h ospital will be able to complete a thorough root cause analysis that focuses, analyzes, develops, executes and evaluates the success and failure of the hospital. The Joint Commission requires that all sentinel events be reported and that the hospital develop a reason and solution to the problem. This method allows the hospital to follow Joint Commission Standards ensuring they keep their Joint Commission Accreditation.Corrective Action Plan: The development of risk management officers and committees started when lawsuits and insurance premiums began to rise. The goal of these people was to establish guidelines in which to help reduce and prevent errors, increase safety, and decrease financial loss. While the committees work daily to accomplish these things by utilizing a process of identifying, analyzing, treating and controlling, and evaluating (Chubb Healthcare, n. d. ), it is important to note that all staff must take an active role in risk management to ensure the hospital maint ains its high standards of care.It is the responsibility of all staff to identify areas of concern and report to the risk management committee so that changes can be made. Annual education of all staff is required on this subject to ensure that everyone is doing all they can to decrease risk. A thorough risk management program includes policies and procedures on the running of a risk management committee as well as maintenance and changes to the company’s policies and procedures to ensure compliance and proper utilization. It also has formal incident reporting, tracking and trends, and staff education.These are the basics of a very complex program that helps to decrease risk in the hospital setting. The areas that need to be changed and addressed in regards to the Nightingale Hospital is the area of policies and procedures that are related to patient safety. In ensuring patient safety the hospital can decrease the occurrence of lawsuits, decrease insurance costs, and increase staff awareness. While the risk management committee will be doing much of the initial review of the incident and changes to the policies, other committees and staff must be included in the change process.These resources include quality assurance, administration, safety and security, legal, and nurses, physicians, and other ancillary staff. The risk management committee should be reviewing the hospitals policies and procedures on a routine basis, at least annually, to look for areas of improvement, compliance with Joint Commission standards, and changes in healthcare advancements that therefore make the policies outdated. This area of the risk management program is clearly not being followed if there is no policy or procedure in place to prevent child abductions from happening in areas outside of the OB department.The risk management committee needs to address this lapse in protocol by taking five simple steps. First a review of the incident that happened, second gathering resource s to help gain insight into the different areas of the hospital, third developing a new hospital policy, fourth implementing the policy and educating staff, and lastly reviewing the policy on a annual basis to ensure compliance and monitor the need for improvement (Chubb Healthcare, n. d. ). In doing these steps the risk management committee can decrease the potential for child abductions in the hospital.First the committee must review the formal incident report, looking at the who, what, where, when, why, and how of the situation. Review any prior claims, patient complaints, staff complaints, and quality assurance reports (Chubb Healthcare, n. d. ). These allow the risk team to identify the problem and start to pinpoint the areas that need changing. The risk committee will need to work closely with the quality assurance committee, who likely have already gathered much of this information.They also will be a resource with regards to the requirements of the Joint Commission standards and be able to help identify any missteps that are resulting in non-compliance. This step needs to be completed in a timely manner, the longer it takes to get the information the longer it will take to get a new policy in place. The risk committee should set a deadline of no more than one month to complete this step. It is more likely that the committee could complete this step in two weeks but as many members may be working on other projects at the time, the committee will be allowed one month to complete this step.Next the risk management committee must meet with the different resources available to discuss the changes that need to be made to patient ensure safety. During this time the committee will hear from the legal department, safety and security department, staff from all areas of the hospital, and administrative staff. The point of this step is to gather as many ideas for change and improvement as possible from as many different aspects. As child abduction prevention is no t just security’s responsibility it will be important to understand what all staff can do (CNA, 2006).The legal department will be able to give feedback on what the hospital can and cannot do to ensure that the hospital does not develop a potential lawsuit from the new policy or lack of any previous policies. The safety and security department will be a huge resource for the risk committee as their job is to ensure that everyone stays safe. The new policy will greatly impact the security department as they will be required to potentially perform â€Å"code pink† drills, research and obtain new monitoring and sensor equipment or even increase staff levels to accommodate the increased security measures.Ensuring that the safety and security department is working closely with the risk committee will be key to ensuring a policy that is beneficial to everyone. The administrative staff involvement will be important as they will be looking at the information from a corporate s tandpoint. Their input on the policy will be centered on what is best for the hospital and how it ties into the values and standards of the corporation as a whole. They also will know budgets available for changes that need to be made to staff or security systems.The administrative resource is important because they look at the whole picture. The last resource that the risk committee will be utilizing is the staff, both clinical and non-clinical staff. This includes input from physicians, nurses, maintenance, environmental, technical support, and volunteers. These are the front line defenders when an abduction happens. These are the staff members that are present when it happens. Their input is key to being able to ensure that a new policy will help prevent any future abduction.As these staff live the day-to-day responsibilities of caring for patients, their suggestions and points of view are important. Also by having staff involved in the planning process they will be more likely t o adopt the new policy and follow it, because it will make sense to them and fit into their needs for the hospital. By utilizing all these different resources a proper policy can then be developed. This step should only take two weeks to complete. Taking longer may cause delay in development of the policy that is needed.The thirds step is to develop the new hospital policy utilizing all the information gathered from the sentinel event, quality assurance committee, and the hospital resources. The new policy must meet Joint Commission requirements for standards of care and safety of patients, as well as the hospitals needs (Chubb Healthcare, n. d. ). During this time, research for any new technology or materials to implement the new policy must be completed and quotes for pricing submitted to administration for approval. When the risk committee writes the new policy it must be written in a way that everyone can understand.This step should take no more than one month to complete. The c ommittee should spend a week reviewing all the notes and information gathered from the first two steps, then one week gathering the pricing information needed to implement the plan and then two weeks to have a completed policy. Everyone on the committee and in administration must be aware of these deadlines so that the policy can be implemented in a timely manner and all approvals completed in the appropriate deadlines. Next, the risk committee must ensure the staff is educated on the new policy and implement the policy.Live classes and computer-based learning will be important to educate all staff in the hospital on the new policy, technologies, and equipment (CNA, 2006). It is during this time that any new technology, forms, or other materials must be installed, printed, and dispersed so that when training is completed it will be ready for staff to use. This includes but is not limited to new forms for registration, new matching armbands for the children and parents, sensors aroun d the hospital that connect with the sensors in the armbands of the children, increased security staffing, etc.This step may take up to two months to complete depending on the ability of the committees to get the materials needed for training as well as materials installed and dispersed. Lastly the risk committee must continue to monitor the policy and compliance for any issues that may arise and make changes accordingly. It is recommended that with any new policy the risk committee monitor progress, compliance, and whether it is working or not by compiling risk reports on â€Å"code pinks† or other child safety reports as indicated in the policy monthly for the first year.As the hospital becomes more comfortable with the policy and it is changed to fit the needs of the hospital, and the policy has not been changed for six months; the policy can go into the yearly review area. The quality assurance committee can then continue to monitor the policy for compliance, impact, and maintenance. This last step can take up to a year, if not longer to complete depending on the needs of the hospital. Conclusion In the end a child being abducted whether by a parent who does not have custody or by a stranger is an emotionally trying experience for any parent as well as the child.All measures must be taken to ensure that the sentinel event does not occur again. By working with the quality assurance committee to utilize FADE (focus, analyze, develop, execute/evaluate), the risk management committee to create a new hospital policy, and the entire hospital staff, this will hopefully never happen again. While there are always legal and financial issues involved when something happens to a patient to compromise their safety, care, or well being, it is important that the hospital learns from these mistakes and takes action to correct them for the future.

Social Security Example

Social Security Example Social Security – Coursework Example Social Security Affiliation: The government has been having talks about cutting of the social security fund making the younger people think that the program will not survive to reach their old age. The other group of younger people thinks that it is not the work of government to plan their financial future for them or even bother with their savings plan and hence the reason they do not believe in social service fund (Samuelson, 2011). AARP has had a really successful financial backing which shows much more sustainability in future than the social service fund. The fact that is it run by a private entity and not the government also guarantee the young people of the seriousness of the initiative towards the people. The organization also compared to the social service funds starts benefiting people from 50 years which is much more attainable than the 65 years of the government retirement fund (Jason, 2009). The social security fund program should be privatized and eliminated completely from the government. This will change some of the redundant policies that have been dragging it down to its grave (Feldstein, 2008). Revised policies and programs will renew people’s interest and change the negative views of the youth. The other solution is to reduce the number of years the contributors start receiving their funds to at least 55 years. This will attract more people and hence it will be sustainable in the long run. The fact that the program already has competition which is continuing to thrive will present a challenge to the implementers to emulate the competitors and thrive as well.ReferencesFeldstein, M. (2008). Privatizing Social Security. Illinois: University of Chicago Press. Jason, J. (2009). The AARP Retirement Survival Guide: How to make smart financial decisions in good times and bad. New York: Sterling Publishing Inc. Samuelson, R. (2011, November 20). Half Of Millennials Dont Believe Social Security Will Exist When They Retire: Poll. The Huffingto n Post. Retrieved from huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/20/millenials-social-security_n_1021602.html

Frankfurt Essays - Districts Of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau

Frankfurt Essays - Districts Of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, city in west central Germany, in Hessen, a port on the Main River. It is a major manufacturing, financial, commercial, and transportation center, served by rail lines and the Rhine-Main Airport, the most important in Germany. Manufactures include machinery, electrical equipment, chemicals (notably in the Hchst district), pharmaceuticals, motor vehicles, clothing, and printed materials. International trade fairs, including the world's largest annual book fair, are held in the city. Frankfurt is divided into an old town, or Altstadt, bordering the river, and a new town, or Neustadt, north of the older section. The old town, inhabited mainly by tradespeople and skilled artisans, retains many medieval characteristics. The new town contains the business quarter and the most important public buildings. A cluster of Gothic houses, the Rmer, was used as the town hall for nearly 500 years. It forms the nucleus of the Rmerberg, a square flanked by medieval houses of various dates. Other places of interest are the Leinwandhaus, or linen drapers' hall, of the 14th century; the Eschenheimer Turm, a tower once part of the city's old fortifications; the palace of the princes of Thurn and Taxis, which was the meeting place of the diet of the German Confederation from 1816 to 1866; and the house (now a museum) where the German poet and writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe spent his youth. The diarist Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt. The outstanding church of Frankfurt is the Cathedral of Saint Bartholomew. It was constructed in the 13th century on the site of a 9th-century church and was the seat of the elections of emperors of the Holy Roman Empire and, after 1562, of the imperial coronations. Also notable are Saint Paul's Church (18th-19th century), where the Frankfurt Parliament, the first German national assembly, met from 1848 to 1849; Saint Leonard's Church (15th-16th century); and Saint Michael's Church (1953). Seven museums make up the Museum Embankment, a major construction project first planned in the late 1970s and completed only recently. The complex includes the Postal Museum and museums of applied arts, ethnography, cinema, architecture, sculpture, and European painting from the 14th century, as well as an art school and parks. Across the river but generally mentioned in conjunction with the embankment is the Jewish Museum. It was opened in 1988, on the 50th anniversary of Kristallnacht (German for Night of Broken Glass), a night of anti-Jewish rioting instigated by the Nazi party, and is located in the palace of the House of Rothschild, the famous family of Jewish financiers. The museum depicts the history of Jews in Germany from the Middle Ages to the present and focuses on Frankfurt's Jewish ghetto. Also, the new Museum Judengasse (1992) displays preserved ruins of the Jewish ghetto as well. Another major museum in Frankfurt is the Senckenberg Museum, with a large collection on natural history, especially paleontology. The city also has a large zoo and a botanical garden and is the seat of a university (1914). Though the area was settled as early as the Stone Age, Frankfurt was probably established as a Roman settlement about the 1st century AD. In the late 8th century, it was referred to as Frankonovurd by Einhard, the biographer of Charlemagne. During Charlemagne's reign (800-814) a number of imperial councils were held in Frankfurt. The Golden Bull of 1356 established Frankfurt as the seat of the imperial elections, and it was made a free imperial city in 1372. About 1530 the city became an important stronghold of Protestantism. Upon the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, Frankfurt became subordinate to the confederation. It regained the status of a free city in 1815, and it was the unofficial capital of the confederation until 1866. In the same year, during the Seven Weeks' War, Frankfurt was seized by Prussia. During World War II (1939-1945), the city was badly damaged by bombing, but it has since been rebuilt. In 1993 Frankfurt was chosen as the site of the European Monetary Institute, the European Union body that is the forerunner of the European Central Bank. Population (1997) 652,412. Bibliography Encarta www.frankfurt.de

A Macroeconomic Crisis That Occurred during the Period 1900-2005 Research Proposal

A Macroeconomic Crisis That Occurred during the Period 1900-2005 - Research Proposal Example   A Macroeconomic Crisis that Occurred During the Period 1900-2005 (The Asian Currency Crisis)  A Macroeconomic Crisis that Occurred During the Period 1900-2005 (The Asian Currency Crisis)Introduction From a brief period of economic boom, Asia witnessed a financial crisis in 1997. Asia is far removed geographically from most of the developed world. Nevertheless, the Asian financial crisis took down with it many of the successful economies of the developed world. There may be arguments that the Asian financial crisis resulted solely from the flawed process of liberalization, while others may point to a currency crisis and the cross currents of the currency crisis promoting the financial crisis. However, there is general agreement that the interaction between macro-economic policies, the domestic financial sector and corporate governance within the Asian countries make them vulnerable to a financial crisis. Rationale Most of the Asian economies have weathered the recent economic cr isis through either the strength of their domestic demand in countries like India, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam or through the use of healthy fiscal resources to support exports in countries like China. This good showing of economies in Asia is what holds promise for quickening the pace of the slow recovery in the developed nations.. The success of the Asian economies thus becomes crucial for the speedy recovery of the developed world. Hindrances or faltering of the Asian economies could lead to stagnation or slowdown of the economic recovery of the Western world. There is worry on this account as the Asian countries still remain vulnerable to a repeat of the Asian financial crisis of 1997 that occurred at the time of an economic boom in the region. Furthermore, economist point out that Asian countries like China that are using their ample financial resources to spur exports and their economic growth would have to use large amounts of financial resources to maintain this pace economic growth. They estimate that the amount of financial resources that Asian countries would have to use to sustain this economic growth could be as high as $1 trillion and may pan out to be a â€Å"bottomless pit†.   It is for these reasons that I would like to revisit the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997.  

TOMS Shoe Integrated Marketing Communications Plan Essay

TOMS Shoe Integrated Marketing Communications Plan - Essay Example The marketing objectives of the company is to increase the purchase of TOMS shoe among the youth including college students, those who have recently graduated and in general those below the age of 35 years. In addition, the company in its objectives aims at increasing its market share by 20% in the next 3 years by aggressive marketing using advertisements and other outlined promotional techniques. The communication objectives of the company are geared towards increasing by 30% the target audience that is aware of our products during the first year of implementation. It is also the company communication objective to increase the traffic on our website by 40% in the first year of operation. Further the communication objectives of the company are directed towards increasing the number of customers by 15% in the first year. The ultimate objective of the company communication is to increase our overall presence in social networking sites operating in the country and the globe at large.Pre vious research conducted on marketing to the youth has yielded some less positive results. Marketers consider this group as the hardest one to reach. The marketing initiatives will have to be both convincing and interactive with the prospect of dialogue between the company and the youth in a bid to getting feedback on the quality of the products and also on the nobility of its objectives.   The strength of TOMS shoe is that it has a noble cause attached to its marketing initiatives.  ... The ultimate objective of the company communication is to increase our overall presence in social networking sites operating in the country and the globe at large. 1.2 Challenges Previous research conducted on marketing to the youth has yielded some less positive results. Marketers consider this group as the hardest one to reach. The marketing initiatives will have to be both convincing and interactive with the prospect of dialogue between the company and the youth in a bid to getting feedback on the quality of the products and also on the nobility of its objectives. 2. Situational analysis SWOT Analysis The strength of TOMS shoe is that it has a noble cause attached to its marketing initiatives. The fact that one shoe bought will lead to another being donated to African poor is bound to elicit support from the young people who are the target for the designs of shoes to be marketed. The marketing initiative will ensure that customers will spread the goodwill message to others and in turn will create long time loyalty to the brand. One weakness that the brand has is that it is new. Therefore, it will face stiff competition from the already established brands. The brand will also be under immense scrutiny due to the cause that it will further and customers will want to reassurance that what the company preaches to do is what it actually does. This will require additional capital in reassurance of customers. An opportunity presented by this initiative is that it is the first of its kind and therefore may elicit support for the cause in people who always desired to be charitable but could not have had the opportunity to be. The greatest threat to the